Drug delivery and Gene therapy

Question 1

Drug delivery

Answer 1

approaches, formulation,techno,systems for transporting a drug to the system to achieve its desired therapeutic effect

Question 2

Drug routes

Answer 2

orally, intravenously,intramuscularly,intrathecally,
subcutaneously
sublingually, buccally, rectally, vaginally, ocular route, otic route, nasally, by inhalation and by nebulization, cutaneously, local, systemic, transdermally

Question 3

oral
Advantages vs disadvantages

Answer 3

easy for patient vs low solubility, low permeability, degradation in GI enzymes,

Question 4

intravenous
advantages vs disadvantages

Answer 4

drug 100% bioavailable , Rapid response vs invasive, trained personnel, possible toxicity due to incorrect dosing sterility

Question 5

factor influencing the selection of the delivery route

Answer 5

-drug molecular weight
-Half-life
-Chemical stability
- Loss of biological activity in aqueous solution
solubility in water
pH, temperature, concentration, particle size, state of hydration
Drug biological interactions
-Membrane permeability , Enzymatic degradation, Bacterial degradation,Half -life, side effects
Desired pharmacological effect
systemic vs local
immediate vs prolonged response
Dose size
drug molecular size

Question 6

Controlled Drug

Answer 6

delivery rate
site of release/activity
-Dosage, Extent of absorption, distribution to the site , rate/extant of elimination

Question 7

Gene Therapy

Answer 7

therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient’s cells as a drug to treat disease

Question 8

Gene therapy

Answer 8

• replacing a mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene
• Deactivating(turning off) or knocking out a mutated gene that is not functioning properly
  -introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease

Question 9

Diameter of a single DNA molecules

Answer 9

2 NM

Question 12

Nanomedicine for drug and gene delivery

Answer 12

small, nanoparticles enter cells through endocytosis- a from of active transport of molecules into the cell by engulfing them in an energy-using process

Question 13

categories of Nanomedicines

Answer 13

Solid polymer nanoparticles -composed of a dense polymer matrix, controlled release of various cargo ranging from small
molec to large proteins

Question 14

Nanoparticles

Answer 14

-particles with dimension less than 100 nm
-small enough to interfere with objects that control some of the most basic cellular function

Question 15

surface erosion vs bulk erosion

Answer 15

degrades on the surface cause to shed off vs loses volume throughout equally which is represented by the fading colors

Question 16

Liposomes

Answer 16

-composed of phospholipids
-self-assemble into spherical vesicles with an internal aqueous core and a bilayer shell
-hydrophilic vs hydrophobic

Question 17

polymer micelles

Answer 17

• composed of amphiphilic components
  hydrophilic(water-loving) and lipophilic(fat-loving

Question 18

Liposomes vs micelle

Answer 18

an aqueous core and a bilayer membrane
vs a lipophilic core surrounded by a single layer of lipids

Question 19

Nanostructured materials

Answer 19

-controlled mineral
-create surface with nano-scale
-can embed DNA molecules
-cells can take up the DNA when
cultured on such surface
-controlled uptake