Exam 2 Flashcards
Who assumed the throne in the Restoration of the Stuart Monarchy in 1660?
King Charles II
In which year did England & Scotland unite to form Great Britain?
1707
Who established the Royal African Company
King Charles II
What did the Navigation Acts (1651) & the Staple Act (1633) do?
Made it so that all goods going to the colonies had to go through England & be transported on English ships
What was the covenant chain?
Some counsels & agreements between the natives & the colonists
What were the 4 middle colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Which colony had more peaceful relations with the natives?
Pennsylvania
What was King Charles II’s goal for England?
Expand the empire
What were the 6 New England colonies?
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont
Which colony was a refuge for the Quakers?
Pennsylvania
What were the core beliefs of the Quakers?
Everybody has an “inner light” from Jesus, & everybody is equal to God
Who was Edmund Andros?
Ruler of the New England supercolony, governor of New York
Who was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution?
King James II
What was the cause of the Glorious Revolution?
The king was Catholic, & he just had a son, which would prevent his protestant daughters from taking the throne
When was the Glorious Revolution?
1689
What effect did the Glorious Revolution have on the colonies?
Increased autonomy
Why did fewer people come to New England in 1700?
Land was getting scarce; it was easier to set up in another colony
Which king & queen were installed in the Glorious Revolution?
King William III & Queen Mary II
What was Leisler’s Rebellion?
When he heard news of the Glorious Revolution, Leisler seized New York, leading to 2 years of chaos
What did the Transportation Act of 1718 do?
England started sending its convicts to the colonies
Which colony imported the most enslaved Africans 1700–1740?
South Carolina
Why did the Pennsylvania Dutch come?
William Penn’s recruitment schemes & farmland
What is a creole person?
Somebody born in the new world with exclusively old world lineage
Why did Europeans come to the colonies in the late 1600s & early 1700s?
Farmland
What was northeastern North Carolina used for?
Tobacco
What was the coast of North Carolina used for?
Shipping & lumber
What was western North Carolina used for?
Small farms where slavery was uncommon, just like Pennsylvania.
Which demographics lived in Pennsylvania & western North Carolina?
Scots-Irish, Germans, & Quakers
What is the name for land that you own & can sell & divide?
freehold
What is the aspiration of being a self-sustaining farmer (without slaves) called?
yeoman farmer
Who was John Peter Zenger?
Newspaper publisher that criticized the government
What was The Enlightenment?
A rejection of the authority of the church in favor of logic & reason
Why was Georgia created?
to create a safe haven for poor British people & persecuted European protestants
What is deism?
It says that there is a creator God who doesn’t involve himself in our daily life
What did John Locke do?
He rejected the idea that monarchs are chosen by God & created the natural rights
What were Locke’s natural rights?
Life, liberty, & property
What was the social compact?
An agreement that allows everybody to exercise their natural rights
Where did Locke say the government’s power comes from?
The consent of the governed
What style of government did Locke envision?
republic
What was Queen Anne’s War about?
The proposed unification of the Spanish & French monarchies
What was Albany Plan?
A unified defense plan for the colonies designed by Benjamin Franklin to strengthen the alliance with the Iroquois
What was the 1764 Sugar Act?
A modification to the molasses act that lowered the tax but enforced it much more strictly in a corrupt court. The colonists were not happy.
What did the Molasses act of 1733 do?
A law that taxed the cheaper french molasses that the colonies were importing, which made it the same price as English molasses
What was the border at the Appalachian Mountains called?
The Proclamation Line of 1763
What French city was founded on recently Spanish land? Residents didn’t find out it was Spain for a year.
St Louis
Who were the Paxton Boys?
A vigilante group from Pennsylvania that murdered & mutilated Conestogas
What did the Treaty of Paris do?
Ended the Seven Years’ War & split what is now the US between Britain & Spain along the Mississippi. France gave up all of its land here & Spain gave up Florida.
What was the War of Jenkins’ Ear?
One of many imperial wars. This one happening between Britain & Spain on both sides of the Atlantic over trade disputes
Who was Jonathan Edwards
One of the first hellfire & brimstone preacher during the 1st Great Awakening who able draw great church attendance by scaring people about hell. “Sinners in the hands of an angry God.”
What did Pontiac argue in 1763?
All native groups should band together & run the British out of the area
Who was George Whitefield?
A heathen who critiqued the Anglican Church & wanted to democratize religion & let in the “new light” after having a religious awakening
What is Evangelicalism?
The belief there are no mistakes or contradictions in the bible & that the bible is the sole religious authority & democratized religion.
What is religious pluralism?
A broad acceptance & toleration of other faiths
What was the Great Awakening?
The American version of the enlightenment & the origin of the separation of church & state. Before this, many colonies had an official church (about 1720)
What was mercantilism?
The belief that nations or empires should export more than they import, & the encouragement of intra-empire trade
Who won the French & Indian War?
The British
What is the European name of the French & Indian War?
The Seven Years’ War
What did “join or die” refer to?
The Albany Plan
What is salutary neglect?
the imperial version of absentee parenting
What was the Currency Act (1764)?
Forbade the colonies from issuing paper money
When was “no taxation without representation” coined?
Just before the Magna Carta was signed in 1500. It’s why parliament was created. It became popular in the colonies after the Stamp Act of 1765.
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
A group of drunks from Sam Adams’ tavern that terrorized the tax collector. Sam Adams didn’t let them carry guns.
How did the colonists view the Townshend duties?
An abusive act worthy of massive protest
What was the official name of the Intolerable Acts (1774)?
The Coercive Acts
What did the Coercive Acts do?
Disolved local government, moved trials of British officials to England
What happened at the Battle of Cowpens?
The US militia fired a few shots, then ran. The British chased them through the valley, where the were ambushed on 3 side by the militia, who were hiding in at the edges of the valley
What happened at the First Continental Congress?
They agreed to boycott British goods starting in December 1774
What happened at the Second Continental Congress?
They sent the king the Olive Branch Petition
What is a Whig?
A supporter of the Revolution
What is a Tory?
An American British loyalist
What was Virtual Representation?
The idea that Parliament is thinking about the best interests of the colonists, despite not being accountable to them
Why was the Battle of Saratoga important?
The Americans won & this spurred international support, especially from the French.
Why was the Battle of Trenton important?
It was the first victory in a while for the Americans. They ambushed the Hessians in Trenton. The Hessian weapons & equipment supplied the Continental Army for a while.
Which goods did the Townshend Duties tax?
British glass, lead, paper, & tea
What were the Suffolk Resolves?
A 1774 agreement to boycott British goods in Massachusetts
What did the Declaratory Act, 1776, do?
It repealed the stamp act, but declared that parliament still has the authority to tax the colonies
What did the Stamp Act, 1765, do?
It required that all documents, even newspapers, needed to be taxed using a stamp
What caused the battle of Lexington & Concord?
In 1775, the British wanted to reduce the chance of a successful rebellion by seizing the military supplies at Lexington & Concord, especially gunpowder.
What happened in the battle of Lexington & Concord?
The first battle of the Revolutionary War in 1775. Paul Revere warned that the British were coming from Boston, & the Americans won the battle.
How did women support the revolution?
They supported the boycotts by making clothes & other supplies. They also fought in the battles.
What was the role of slaves in the revolution?
The slaves knew an independent America would be bad for them, so when Lord Dunmore offered to set them free if they would escape & fight for the British, they did. Dunmore only wanted able-bodied men, though. Some slave were made to fight on the revolutionary side. Very few were set free as a reward for their efforts
What was the Empire of Goods?
The global trade & connections of the British Empire in the 18th century
What happened at the battle of Yorktown & why was it important?
The Americans cornered the British Cornwallis with the support of the French. This led directly to the end of the war in 1783
