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US History 1043 David Hansen > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Massive transfer of people, animals, plants, microbes, commodities, ideas, and information across the Atlantic Ocean in the decades following Columbus’s voyages.

A

Columbian Exchange

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2
Q

Around the 10th century, natives began planting corn & legumes, creating a major change in the structure of society

A

Agricultural Revolution

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3
Q

Ancient native Americans that crossed Beringia & spread throughout the Americas

A

Paleo-Indians

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4
Q

A land bridge that once connected what are now Russia & Alaska

A

Beringia

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5
Q

A series of wars by European Christians to control Jerusalem & other land not already in Christian Possession

A

The Crusades

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6
Q

the ancient people the live in the civilization centered around modern-day Mexico City

A

Aztecs/The Mexica

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7
Q

A system in which people were entitled to 50 acres, for each person they brought to an English colony, including themselves

A

Headright system

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8
Q

a system in which the Spanish forced the natives to work for them

A

Enconmienda system

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9
Q

the imperial name for South & Central America, excluding Brazil

A

Nueva España

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10
Q

the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas

A

Atlantic slave trade

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11
Q

invader of the Aztecs

A

Hernan Cortéz

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12
Q

Rejection of the pope & his church by the king then queen of England

A

English Reformation

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13
Q

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church & reject the authority of the pope

A

Protestant Reformation

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14
Q

A failed English colony in modern-day North Carolina, founded by Walter Raleigh

A

Roanoke

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15
Q

first successful English settlement in Virginia, the first colony, which cultivated tobacco & allied with Powhatan

A

Jamestown

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16
Q

Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists the same rights as people back in England.

A

Virginia Company

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17
Q

was one of two joint-stock companies, along with the London Company, chartered with such a purpose as part of the Virginia Company. In form it was similar to the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London. The territory of the company was the coast of North America from the 38th parallel to the 45th parallel

A

Plymouth Company

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18
Q

Unlike the other colony companies, this company was allowed to meet wherever, so they moved to America to govern locally

A

Massachusetts Bay Company

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19
Q

British colonists who paid their passage to America by agreeing to work for the company for a set time

A

Indentured servants

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20
Q

A Virginian aristocrat led land-hungry settlers to attack natives, then got elected & held the other representatives at gunpoint to receive authorization for his continued attacks against the natives

A

Bacon’s Rebellion

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21
Q

Laws that secured & entrenched the legal status of slavery

A

Slave laws /Slave codes

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22
Q

Created by the king when the pope refused to annul his marriage. The King James Bible was later created to be a distinctively English holy book

A

Church of England/ Anglican Church

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23
Q

Puritans who left England over disagreements with The Church, first to Holland, then to America, where they settled in Salem, & greater Massachusetts

A

Pilgrims

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24
Q

Religious group who sought to purify the Church of England because they thought to was still too Catholic

A

Puritans

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25
Q

An agreement between Portugal & Spain that allowed the pope to draw a line in the Atlantic to divide up the New World

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

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26
Q

A system in which slaves were assigned work at the beginning of the day, & completed it mostly unsupervised

A

Task system

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27
Q

A system in which small teams of slaves would try to match the pace of an enslaved foreman

A

Gang system

28
Q

Communities that tried to include the natives by indoctrinating them to European culture

A

Communities of inclusion

29
Q

Colonies that refused to have any form of contact with the Native Americans

A

Communities of exclusion

30
Q

One of the first European agreement for self-governance in North America. 41 men agreed to be bound by “just and equal laws”

A

Mayflower Compact

31
Q

First European self-governance in the New World. Elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618.

A

House of Burgesses

32
Q

The book de las casas wrote about how the Spanish were abusing the Indians

A

The Destruction of the Indies

33
Q

The cold climate of the 14th century that contributed to the abandonment of Mississippian cities

A

Little Ice Age

34
Q

a warm period from 900 to 1300 that increased the number of frost-free days in North America. Growing seasons got longer & it was possible to breed crops not possible before

A

North Atlantic Warm Period

35
Q

a religious community across western Europe under the authority of the pope

A

Latin Christendom

36
Q

Disease that wiped out much of Europe: half of England, 40% of France, 90% of some areas

A

The Plague/Bubonic Plague/Black Death

37
Q

Unlike Spanish colonies, it was geared toward trading with natives. Founded in Québec

A

New France

38
Q

A colony south of Québec that was also geared toward trading with natives. Covered much of modern-day New York

A

New Netherland

39
Q

European name for slave ships crossing the Atlantic from Africa to North America

A

Middle Passage

40
Q

People of Spanish & native decent

A

Mestizos

41
Q

New England towns run by the settlers for natives who had converted to Christianity to be further indoctrinated

A

Praying towns

42
Q
A

Belief systems

43
Q
A

Pensylvania

44
Q

propriotery colony owned by Cecil Calvert, a Catholic

A

Maryland

45
Q

The capital city of the Mississippians, with rich soil & good hunting. It had a population of more than 10,000, similar to London at the time.

A

Cahokia

46
Q

capital of the Mississipean civilization near modern St Louis. It was positioned near 2 major rivers, making it an ideal transportation hub.

A

Cahokia

47
Q

The offspring of a Spaniard & a native woman.

A

Mestizo

48
Q

A non-native born in America

A

creole

49
Q

A surveillance state that the pilgrims set up, no curtains

A

Living Museum

50
Q

A possible microbiological explanation of the Salem Witch trials

A

Hallucinogenic ergot in the grain supply

51
Q

Economic system in Puritan Massachusetts

A

Diverse, but tightly-regulated capitalism. NO free market. Some bartering

52
Q

Economic Regulation in Puritan Massachusetts

A

Some set prices & limits on how many of each profession.

53
Q

Farming in Puritan Massachusetts

A

Diverse crops, very little agricultural slavery

54
Q

Slavery in Puritan Massachusetts

A

Mostly urban or domestic, very little agricultural slavery

55
Q

Major industry on the New England coast

A

Shipbuilding because of the dense virign forests, & fishing

56
Q

Half of the Brittish navy was built here

A

Massachusetts

57
Q

Puritan Massachusetts society

A

Largely middle class

58
Q

Lifespan in Puritan Massachusetts

A

Long. Much longer than the colonies to the South. You will know your grandparents

59
Q

Puritan Morality

A

Loved marital sex only, had a popular lottery to finance public education

60
Q

Puritan family values

A

The basic unit of social & workforce organization. Mostly paternal, not maternal.

61
Q

Women in puritan Massachusetts

A

Not really considered people. Belonged to their father or husband. Pregnant or nursing most of their adult life.

62
Q

Widows in puritan Massachusetts

A

Widows get 1/3 of their husband’s estate

63
Q

Voters in puritan Massachusetts

A

white male land-owners who participated in church

64
Q

Government in Puritan Massachusetts

A

All voters were expected to serve in government at some point

65
Q
A

Indentured Servants

66
Q

Regular slavery

A

Chattel Slavery

67
Q

Why were the English afraid to colonize Virginia?

A

They did not want to anger the Spinish

US History 1043 David Hansen (4 decks)

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