Exam 2 Flashcards
2 fundamentals goals of digestion?
Digest
Absorb
Digested organic molecules are used for 2 things:
Cell anatomy(structure) & cell energy (ATP)
What are the 6 digestive tract organ
Mouth
Pharynx
Esoph
Stomach
LI
SI
What are the 6 accessory organs?
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
What is propulsion
Movement of food/swallowing; peristalsis
What are mechanical breakdown
Physical process- chewing.mixing: segmentation
Mechanical breakdown
Mixed with different juices and enzymes
What is a chemical breakdown
Food breakdown by enzymes, secretions
Rhythmic local constrictions moving food FWD and BWD
Segmentations
Layer that secretes mucus and enzymes
Mucosa
Layer responsible for reinstall is and segmentation
Sub mucosa
Layer consisting f rich blood supply and electric fibers
Submusocsa
Enzyme in saliva that starts chemical digestion of CHO
Amylase
Another name for swallowing
Deglutiton
Another name for chewing
Mastication
What are the three accessory organs that work with the small intestine?
Pancreas, liver and gallbladder
The organ that produces bile?
Liver
The organ that produces pancreatic juice?
Pancreas
Does bile breakdown FATS, CHO, or PRO?
FATS
Is pancreatic juice more acidic or alkaline?
Alkaline
The two hormones involved in pancreatic juice secretion?
Secretin and CCK
Which hormone stimulates bicarbonate release?
Secretin
Mechanical digestion in small intestine is?
Segmentation
What are the three parts/sections of the small intestine?
DJI
Mucosa ,sub ,villi
Brush border enzymes
What % of absorption takes place in the small intestine?
90
Why can the small intestine absorb as well as it does?
Folds, micro villi and villi
Enzymes located on top of the villi?
Brush line
What is the major function of the large intestine?
Water absorption
List the 4 regions of the large intestine in order?
Cecum, ascending, trans,descending, sigmoid colon,rectum and anal canal
What sphincter is involuntary? Which one is voluntary?
Internal and external
What is segmentation called in large intestine?
haustral contaction
What kind of peristalsis is in large intestine?
Mass movement /peristalsis
6.The nervous system that is considered “Gut Brain”
Enteric nervous system
Involved in stimulating defecation - parasymp or symp?
Parasympathetic
What stimuli cause GI to reflex and respond?
Mechanical and chemical—-> stretch ,ph, osmolarity, end products, digestion, etc
7.Match:
Short Ref Extrinsic CNS/ENS
Long Ref Intrinsic ENS
Short ref-intrinsic ens/cns
Long-extrinsic- ens/cns
Glycolysis is the breakdown which nutrient?
CHO
Glycolysis takes place where in a cell
Cytosol(no oxygen) and mitochondria(oxygen)
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic
Anaerobic
Is glycolysis a direct or indirect production of ATP
Direct
What 3 metabolic pathways breaks down a glucose?
Glycolysis-Karen’s cycle -etc
What is the initial substrate of glycolysis
Glucose molecule (6 carbon)
What are the final products of glycolysis
2atp 2nadh 2pyruvates
What are the three major phases of glycolysis
Energy invites-sugar split- oxidation/atp production
Which phase is the “Energy Investment Stage”
Phase 1
If O2 is present, where does NADH2 and pyruvic acid go?
NADH2 —-> ETC,pyruvate—-> KC
If O2 not present, what happens to NADH2 and pyruvic acid?
NADH2 oxidized- pyruvate reduced= lactic acid
Triglyceride is made up of a glycerol head + 3 fatty acid tails…
What metabolic pathway does the glycerol head get metabolized
Glycolysis
How much ATP does 1 glycerol head yield?
19
What metabolic pathway does the fatty acids get metabolized?
(beta oxidation)
Fatty acids metabolic pathway goal is to develop what products?
Acetylene coA-krebs
NADH/FADH2-ETC
What metabolic pathways do those products go?
165
20 carbon fatty acid tail yields how many ATP?
