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KNR 182(2) > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2 fundamentals goals of digestion?

A

Digest
Absorb

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2
Q

Digested organic molecules are used for 2 things:

A

Cell anatomy(structure) & cell energy (ATP)

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3
Q

What are the 6 digestive tract organ

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Esoph
Stomach
LI
SI

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4
Q

What are the 6 accessory organs?

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

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5
Q

What is propulsion

A

Movement of food/swallowing; peristalsis

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6
Q

What are mechanical breakdown

A

Physical process- chewing.mixing: segmentation
Mechanical breakdown
Mixed with different juices and enzymes

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7
Q

What is a chemical breakdown

A

Food breakdown by enzymes, secretions

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8
Q

Rhythmic local constrictions moving food FWD and BWD

A

Segmentations

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9
Q

Layer that secretes mucus and enzymes

A

Mucosa

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10
Q

Layer responsible for reinstall is and segmentation

A

Sub mucosa

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11
Q

Layer consisting f rich blood supply and electric fibers

A

Submusocsa

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12
Q

Enzyme in saliva that starts chemical digestion of CHO

A

Amylase

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13
Q

Another name for swallowing

A

Deglutiton

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14
Q

Another name for chewing

A

Mastication

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15
Q

What are the three accessory organs that work with the small intestine?

A

Pancreas, liver and gallbladder

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16
Q

The organ that produces bile?

A

Liver

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17
Q

The organ that produces pancreatic juice?

A

Pancreas

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18
Q

Does bile breakdown FATS, CHO, or PRO?

A

FATS

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19
Q

Is pancreatic juice more acidic or alkaline?

A

Alkaline

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20
Q

The two hormones involved in pancreatic juice secretion?

A

Secretin and CCK

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21
Q

Which hormone stimulates bicarbonate release?

A

Secretin

22
Q

Mechanical digestion in small intestine is?

A

Segmentation

23
Q

What are the three parts/sections of the small intestine?

A

DJI
Mucosa ,sub ,villi
Brush border enzymes

24
Q

What % of absorption takes place in the small intestine?

A

90

25
Q

Why can the small intestine absorb as well as it does?

A

Folds, micro villi and villi

26
Q

Enzymes located on top of the villi?

A

Brush line

27
Q

What is the major function of the large intestine?

A

Water absorption

28
Q

List the 4 regions of the large intestine in order?

A

Cecum, ascending, trans,descending, sigmoid colon,rectum and anal canal

29
Q

What sphincter is involuntary? Which one is voluntary?

A

Internal and external

30
Q

What is segmentation called in large intestine?

A

haustral contaction

31
Q

What kind of peristalsis is in large intestine?

A

Mass movement /peristalsis

32
Q

6.The nervous system that is considered “Gut Brain”

A

Enteric nervous system

33
Q

Involved in stimulating defecation - parasymp or symp?

A

Parasympathetic

34
Q

What stimuli cause GI to reflex and respond?

A

Mechanical and chemical—-> stretch ,ph, osmolarity, end products, digestion, etc

35
Q

7.Match:
Short Ref Extrinsic CNS/ENS
Long Ref Intrinsic ENS

A

Short ref-intrinsic ens/cns
Long-extrinsic- ens/cns

36
Q

Glycolysis is the breakdown which nutrient?

A

CHO

37
Q

Glycolysis takes place where in a cell

A

Cytosol(no oxygen) and mitochondria(oxygen)

38
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

A

Anaerobic

39
Q

Is glycolysis a direct or indirect production of ATP

A

Direct

40
Q

What 3 metabolic pathways breaks down a glucose?

A

Glycolysis-Karen’s cycle -etc

41
Q

What is the initial substrate of glycolysis

A

Glucose molecule (6 carbon)

42
Q

What are the final products of glycolysis

A

2atp 2nadh 2pyruvates

43
Q

What are the three major phases of glycolysis

A

Energy invites-sugar split- oxidation/atp production

44
Q

Which phase is the “Energy Investment Stage”

A

Phase 1

45
Q

If O2 is present, where does NADH2 and pyruvic acid go?

A

NADH2 —-> ETC,pyruvate—-> KC

46
Q

If O2 not present, what happens to NADH2 and pyruvic acid?

A

NADH2 oxidized- pyruvate reduced= lactic acid

47
Q

Triglyceride is made up of a glycerol head + 3 fatty acid tails…

What metabolic pathway does the glycerol head get metabolized

A

Glycolysis

48
Q

How much ATP does 1 glycerol head yield?

A

19

49
Q

What metabolic pathway does the fatty acids get metabolized?

A

(beta oxidation)

50
Q

Fatty acids metabolic pathway goal is to develop what products?

A

Acetylene coA-krebs
NADH/FADH2-ETC

51
Q

What metabolic pathways do those products go?

A

165

52
Q

20 carbon fatty acid tail yields how many ATP?

A

KNR 182(2) (4 decks)

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