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Biochemistry II > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the second messenger for epinephrine (B2)?

A

cAMP

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2
Q

what is the primary kinase for epinephrine (B2)?

A

PKA

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3
Q

What type of G coupled protein does epinephrine (B2) use?

A

Gs family

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4
Q

What is the second messenger for epinephrine (a2)?

A

IP3

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5
Q

What is the primary kinase for epinephrine (a2)?

A

PKC and CAM-PK/CA2+

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6
Q

What type of G coupled protein does epinephrine (a2) use?

A

Gq family

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7
Q

What is the second messenger of insulin?

A

PIP3

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8
Q

What is the primary kinase for insulin?

A

AKT

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9
Q

What are the steps of Epinephrine (B2) signaling cascade?

A
  1. alpha G subunit has a conformational change
  2. GDP is kicked out
  3. adenylyl cyclase activated
  4. cAMP activated and binds to PKA regulatory site
  5. PKA activated
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10
Q

What are the steps of the Epinephrine (a2) signaling cascade?

A
  1. Gq activates phospholipase Cb
  2. Ca2+/CAM-PK activates PKC
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11
Q

What are the steps of the insulin signaling cascade?

A
  1. insulin binds to IRS-1
  2. receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylates
  3. IRS-1 phosphorylated
  4. PIP3 produced
  5. AKT phosphorylated
  6. GLUT4 presentation on cell surface
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12
Q

What is the name of the E1 PDH subunit?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

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13
Q

What is the name of the E2 PDH subunit?

A

dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase

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14
Q

What is the name of the E3 PDH subunit?

A

dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

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15
Q

Is cofactor CoA transient or prosthetic and for which subunit?

A

transient E1

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16
Q

Is cofactor TPP transient or prosthetic and for which subunit?

A

prosthetic E2

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17
Q

Is cofactor lipoamide transient or prosthetic and for which subunit?

A

prosthetic E2

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18
Q

Is cofactor FAD transient or prosthetic and for which subunit?

A

prosthetic E3

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19
Q

Is cofactor NAD+ transient or prosthetic and for which subunit?

A

transient E3

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20
Q

What is the point of no return in the CAC?

A

when pyruvate to acetyl CoA

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21
Q

What is the first cofactor that combines with pyruvate pre citric acid cycle?

A

TPP

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22
Q

What is the second cofactor that combines with pyruvate pre citric acid cycle?

A

lipoamide

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23
Q

What is the only positive delta G in the CAC?

A

malate

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24
Q

What 3 enzymes turn NAD into NADH?

A

isocitrate DH
a-ketogluterate
malate DH

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25
What 2 enzymes release carbon in the form of CO2?
isocitrate DH a-ketogluterate DH
26
what is enzyme of the commitment step during the CAC?
isocitrate DH
27
what is the enzyme of the regulatory step in the CAC and has the same mechanism as PDH?
a-ketogluterate DH
28
What is the only membrane bound enzyme in the CAC?
succinate DH
29
What is the acronym for the name of the molecules in the CAC?
Can I Keep Sell Sex For Money Officer?
30
what is the acronym for the type of enzyme used in each step of the CAC?
So At Disco Devil Sucked Down Five Drinks
31
what enzyme in the CAC is referred to as catalytic perfection?
fumarase
32
increased cAMP production = increase/decrease of adenylyl cyclase?
increase
33
Is NAD or NADH the oxidized form?
NAD
34
does isocitrate DH have the same kind of decarboxylation as PDH? if not what kind does it do?
NO, isocitrate DH does beta
35
How many CO2 is made in one turn of the CAC?
2
36
How many NADH is made in one turn of the CAC?
3
37
How many FADH2 is made in one turn of the CAC?
1
38
How many ATP is made in one turn of the CAC?
1
39
How many GTP is made in one turn of the CAC?
1
40
does increased levels of ATP increase/decrease the level of PDH/CAC?
decrease
41
does increased levels of ADP/AMP increase/decrease the level of PDH/CAC?
increase
42
does increased levels of NAD increase/decrease the level of PDH/CAC?
increase
43
What are 3 inhibitors of CAC?
1. NADH 2. acetyl coA 3. ATP
44
Why is NADH an inhibitor of CAC?
inhibits E3 (lipoamide cannot reoxidized)
45
why is acetyl coA an inhibitor of CAC?
inhibits E2 (competes with free floating CoA-SH)
46
What subunit does ATP inhibit in PDH?
E1
47
What does AMP activate to make it an activator?
E1 subunit
48
z
E1f
49
How many possible phosphorylation sites are there in E1 subunit?
3
50
What enzyme is regulated by covalent modication?
PDH
51
what enzyme of the CAC catalyzes hydrolysis of thioester?
citrate synthase
52
what enzyme is inhibited by succinyl-coA?
a-ketogluterate DH
53
acetyl coA is an activator when combined with what molecule? and what does it form?
oxaloacetate; citrate
54
what enzyme uses Fe clusters?
aconitase
55
Increased PPP means that adenylyl cyclase is active or inactive?
inactive
56
increased glycogen synthease means adenylyl cyclase is active or inactive?
inactive
57
T/F: Under standard conditions, malate oxidation by NAD+ is energentically favored
FALSE
58
T/F: insulin signaling decreases PDH phosphatase activity
FALSE
59
T/F: reaction catalyzed by aconitase requires a 180 flip
TRUE
60
T/F: PDH is found in the cytosol
FALSE
61
T/F: can oxaloacetate be viewed as a catalyst
TRUE
62
is PDH activated or inactivated when phosphorylated?
inactivated
63
what does pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase do?
phosphorylates PDH and makes it inactive
64
what 3 things inhibit PDK?
1. pyruvate 2. acetyl coA 3. NADH
65
PDK 1 is present in what kind of cells?
panceratic beta cells cardiomyocytes
66
PDK 2 is present in what kind of cells?
cardiomyocytes hepatocytes
67
PDK 4 increases expression in the fasting or well fed state?
fasting
68
what does pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase do?
dephosphorylates PDH
69
what cells is PDP 1 located in?
skeletal muscle cells

Biochemistry II (6 decks)

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