Exam #2

Question 1

Symbols

Answer 1

Represent our thoughts, feelings etc.

Question 2

Comprehension

Answer 2

Understanding language

Question 3

production

Answer 3

Speaking, writing, etc.

Question 4

Does comprehension or production come first?

Answer 4

Comprehension

Question 5

Generativity

Answer 5

Using a finite amount of sounds to express an infinite amount of ideas.

Question 6

Phonemes

Answer 6

Syllables

Question 7

Phonological development

Answer 7

Mimicking sounds to learn to speak.

Question 8

Morphemes

Answer 8

Sounds that make up and add meaning to words

Question 9

Semantic development

Answer 9

Learning of a language

Question 10

Syntax

Answer 10

Order of different word categories in a sentence to make sense

Question 11

Syntactic development

Answer 11

Learning the syntax of a language

Question 12

Pragmatic development

Answer 12

Learning slang and how language is used in your culture.

Question 13

Operant conditioning

Answer 13

Teaching someone if YOU do this, something happens. (Positive and negative punishment and reinforcement)

Question 14

Which brain side for language (besides pitch)

Answer 14

Left

Question 15

Critical period For language

Answer 15

Before 7 years

Question 16

Bilingualism

Answer 16

Good

Question 17

Humans need to be around____to develop language

Answer 17

Other humans (even children can and will develop their own language, like what happened in Nicaragua)

Question 18

IDS

Answer 18

Infant directed speech. Helps kids learn intonation and facial expressions. Not all cultures use it. Americans are the most.

Question 19

Prosody

Answer 19

rhythm, tempo, cadence, intonation, etc of a language being spoken

Question 20

Categorical perception

Answer 20

infants and adults hear different sounds as belonging to different categories, being different things. They know inherently that “bed” is different from “ben”.

Question 21

VOT

Answer 21

Voice onset time. time difference between air coming out of the mouth and vocal cords. (Pa vs ba) kids pay more attention to this than adults. This is crucial for infants’ development of categorical perception, it’s one of the ways how they differentiate between sounds.

Question 22

12 months of age

Answer 22

infants have honed in on their native language and stop being able to differentiate between the phonemes of other languages. This honing is ACTIVE.

Question 23

Active honing

Answer 23

requires the infant to speak and hear their native language more than others.

Question 24

Word Segmentation

Answer 24

learning where words begin and end. learn this process in tandem with honing in on the phonemes of their native language, and can do it proficiently by the end of their first year (12 months).

Question 25

Distributional properties

Answer 25

in any language, certain sounds or letters are more likely to appear than others. In English, E and S are both very common sounds.

Question 26

Babbling

Answer 26

babies will babble even in ASL if they’re deaf! They’re practicing phonemes

Question 27

The Holophrastic Period

Answer 27

is a period in which children only express ideas in one-word sentences, like saying “Drink!” to express a desire for a glass of water.

Question 28

Overextension

Answer 28

Because infants and small children have a VERY limited vocabulary, sometimes they will use a word beyond it’s actual meaning to represent larger concepts, such as calling any four legged animal a “dog” or any man “daddy”.

Question 29

Word acquisition in infants follows a _____

Answer 29

Quadratic curve. more words being learned per month the longer time goes on.

Question 30

Reference

Answer 30

is the next step of language development, it’s assigning meaning to words, such as knowing what a “cup” actually is. One of the first examples of this is their own name, followed by “mommy” and “daddy”.

Question 31

Problem of reference

Answer 31

Babies have to learn what words mean