Chapter 5

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

The processing of information from the world by the sensory system

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

Taking notice of sensation, organizing and interpreting that information.

Question 3

Until very recently, what was assumed about infants’ vision?

Answer 3

They could barely see. Not true.

Question 4

Preferential-looking technique

Answer 4

A method for studying visual attention in infants by showing infants two patterns/objects at a time and seeing which they have a preference for.

Question 5

Modern versions of preferential-looking technique often use:

Answer 5

Eye trackers.

Question 6

Visual acuity

Answer 6

Sharpness of ability to discern what it is you are looking at.

Question 7

Contrast sensitivity

Answer 7

the brain’s tendency to notice contrasts in light and darkness.

Question 8

Stripey pong paddles

Answer 8

Can be used to test infants visual acuity by seeing which they look at first. Different amounts of stripes mean different levels of visual acuity needed to tell that there’s contrast (instead of just looking grey)

Question 9

Cones

Answer 9

Light-sensitive parts of the human eye

Question 10

Rods

Answer 10

Color-sensitive parts of the human eye.

Question 11

Infants’ ability to see color

Answer 11

Cannot see color in the first month, they do not have RODS.

Question 12

Does language influence perception of color?

Answer 12

Not in infancy! Infants tell changes in color even before they learn language. According to Yang Et Al (2015)

Question 13

Development of visual acuity in infants

Answer 13

First, they focus on the contours of the face, and then the specific details at above 2 months (typically).

Question 14

Interesting quirk about bilingual infants

Answer 14

They’re stupid and lame LOL LMAO jk they develop visual acuity faster.

Question 15

What can they see at 4 months of age?

Answer 15

They start focusing on the mouth of people speaking, as they are learning to speak themselves.

Question 16

Perceptual constancy

Answer 16

Our ability to percieve the world in a consistent way. When someone walks away, we don’t think they get smaller. We can comprehend 3 dimensions.

Question 17

Empiricist

Answer 17

Children learn as they grow

Question 18

Nativist

Answer 18

Children have innate knowledge of things that is just unlocked as they grow up.

Question 19

Object segregation

Answer 19

Being able to tell the edges and differences between objects.

Question 20

Rod study

Answer 20

Infants were shown a rod moving behind a box. Two groups, one where the rod was 1 object, but another where the rod was actually split in 2, but just moving together. When the box was removed, infants focused more on the rod that was split in 2. IMPLICATION: Infants have a sense of object segregation, which is why 2 pieces of the rod moving together seemed more interesting.

Question 21

Infants are focused more on top heavy or bottom heavy facial features?

Answer 21

Top heavy facial features!

Question 22

Other Race Effect

Answer 22

Tendency for adult humans to be able to distinguish people of their own race easier. Infants of 3 months exhibit this trait as well.

Question 23

Common movement

Answer 23

Example of a cue that lets children see something as one unified object.

Question 24

Optical expansion

Answer 24

When an object gets bigger looking as it gets closer to you

Question 25

When do infants develop depth perception?

Answer 25

3 months for binocular depth cues. 7 months for monocular depth cues

Question 26

stereopsis

Answer 26

The brain interpreting our 2 eye vision to give us depth perception and gauge how far away something is.

Question 27

Binocular disparity

Answer 27

We have 2 eyes so we have depth perception!

Question 28

Monocular depth cues

Answer 28

Things like object size, interposition, used for perceiving depth perception.

Question 29

Auditory localization

Answer 29

Finding the source of a sound.

Question 30

perceptual narrowing

Answer 30

Children and infants getting better at perception by experiencing more and more. Example: getting better at playing smash just by experience.

Question 31

intermodal perception

Answer 31

interpreting information from multiple senses. Like seeing someone hit a drum and hearing the drum sound, interpreting it as one event.