Exam 2

Question 1

Conservation group that protects medicinal plants in our local forests

Answer 1

Goldenseal Sanctuary (nonprofit) protects more than 600 kinds of medicinal plants

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

a community of interacting services and their physical enviorment

Question 3

ecosystem services

Answer 3

any positive benefit that an ecosystem may provide to people

Question 4

biodiversity

Answer 4

the variety of life found in a particular ecosystem

Question 5

four categories of ecosystem services

Answer 5

provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting

Question 6

greenhouse gas

Answer 6

gasses that trap heat in the atmosphere

Question 7

carbon sequestration

Answer 7

the process in which atmospheric carbo dioxide is taken up by trees, grasses, and other plants

Question 8

perfect flower

Answer 8

flower housing both sexes

Question 9

imperfect flower

Answer 9

flower with only one functional sex

Question 10

monoecious

Answer 10

separate male and female flowers on one plant

Question 11

dioecious

Answer 11

individual plants that bear only male or female flowers

Question 12

4 ways that fruits and seeds are dispersed

Answer 12

wind, animals, water, and ejection by plant

Question 13

mechanical defences

Answer 13

cacti spines, fine leaf hairs, waxes and saps, venus fly traps

Question 14

chemical defenses

Answer 14

cyanogenic glycosides (cyanide containing molecules), neurotoxic chemicals found in hemlock, ricin, spices, and medicines.

Question 15

how can herbivores overcome plant defense mechanisms

Answer 15

evolution. monarch butterflies are an example, as they can safely consume toxic cardiac glycosides produced by milkweed

Question 16

why do plants produce tannins

Answer 16

help protect the plant species, they also play a role in human health, mainly in medicine (witch hazel)

Question 17

how is the doctrine of signatures is used to remember plants for medicinal purposes

Answer 17

swiss herbalist paracelsus believed that the medicinal use of plants could easily be ascertained by recognized distinct signatures visible on the plant that corresponded to human anatomy

Question 18

goldenseal

Answer 18

dye, insect repellant, and an antiseptic/antibiotic wash for treating wounds, mouth sores, and eye inflammations

Question 19

echinacea

Answer 19

purple cornflower was used medicinally by the plains indians as an antidote for snake bites as well as for bites and stings of other animals

Question 20

herbal remedies lead to the development of modern medicine

Answer 20

75 to 90 percent of the population still relies on herbal medicine as their only health care

Question 21

effect of fox glove glycosides on the heart

Answer 21

reduces/eliminates all symptoms of dropsy (inflammation in extremities/heart). slows the heart rate while increasing the amount of blood pumped per rate.

Question 22

use of willow bark

Answer 22

has long been used for effective treatment in reducing fever and relieving pain. first found in the 18th century as beneficial for fevers and colds, then refined synthetically.

Question 23

jesuits bark

Answer 23

native to the eastern slopes of the andes mountains, has fever reducing capabilities. jesuits used it to treat peoples suffering from malaria.

Question 24

why is arteminsinin an important alternative to chloroquine

Answer 24

shows fewer side affects than quinine or synthetics and is effective against chloroquine resistant strains of p. falciparum

Question 25

medicinal uses of aloe vera

Answer 25

applying the sap for minor burns and cuts, treatments for various skin ailments, rashes, sunburns, scalds, and minor wounds

Question 26

plants used in anticancer therapies

Answer 26

vinca alkaloids: found to be effective against leukemia cells taxol: obtained from the bark of a pacific yew, effective against ovarian cancer campothecins: designed to treat various forms of cancer - suspended because of high toxicity and severe side effects

Question 27

advantages of using synthetic compunds

Answer 27

readily available to consumers, avoids over consumption of natural resources

Question 28

medicinal uses for st johns wort

Answer 28

helps treat depression

Question 29

how does play and physical activity in natural spaces contribute to children's health

Answer 29

develop fine motor skills, keep positive attitudes, attention restoration theory

Question 30

horticulture therapy

Answer 30

employs plants and gardening activities in therapeutic and rehabilitation activities

Question 31

what are the effects of horticulture therapy

Answer 31

improved sleep, decreased agitation, improved cognition in dementia patients, improved chronic pain, cardiac, and post stroke rehabilitation

Question 32

purpose of green infrastructure

Answer 32

improves stormwater managements and includes tree paintings, green roofs, bioswlaes, rain gardens, permeable pavement, and rain barrels

Question 33

how do green roofs affect the lifespan of a rooftop

Answer 33

while costly, green roofs improve the lifespan of a rooftop

Question 34

how do green roofs affect tempratures

Answer 34

temperature reduction in buildings achieved by the vegetation on the top of the roof shading the surface and removing heat through evapotranspiration

Question 35

strychnine

Answer 35

alkaloid obtained commercially from the seeds of the asian indian tree strychnos nux-vomica and is a stimulant of the central nervous system.

Question 36

curare

Answer 36

arrow poison employed by south american tribes in hunting hame. injecting it produces immediate muscle relaxation by blocking nerve impulses. has been utilized as a muscle relaxant in surgery.

Question 37

most poisonous plant in north america

Answer 37

poison hemlock

Question 38

ricin

Answer 38

found in the castor bean, it is extremely poisonous. concern over its use as a bio terrorist weapon

Question 39

philodendron and dumbcane

Answer 39

houseplants that are the most common call to poison control, causes painful burning, swelling on lips and tongue, and throat

Question 40

hevea latex

Answer 40

species from which almost all natural rubber is obtained

Question 41

effect of ww2 on rubber production

Answer 41

cut off the supply of rubber to the us, began experimentation with other sources of rubber

Question 42

guayule

Answer 42

alternative plant source of rubber

Question 43

why do plants produce resins

Answer 43

herbivory defense, can be used for humans in the medicinal feild, incense, embalming, and laquer

Question 44

who brought chicle to the us

Answer 44

antonio lopex de santa

Question 45

how are plant fibers classified

Answer 45

according to their uses (ie fibers that are used to weave cloth are known as textile fibers, cordage fibers are used to make rope, ext)

Question 46

diffrent types of fibers

Answer 46

surface: covering of leaves bast: used for linnen hard: obtained from veins of leaves

Question 47

advantages of hemp over cotton

Answer 47

staminate plants produce the longest fibers, up to two meters. primarily used to make industrialized fabrics.