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DPT 702/3: AFAB > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the trapezius

A

external occipital protuberance, ligament nuchae, sp. C7-T12
scapular spine, acromial process, lateral 1/3 clavicle
CN 11
elevation, rotation of scapula

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2
Q

describe the semispinalis capitis

A

transverse process T7-C7, articular process C4-6
between inferior and superior nuchal line, deep to trap
dorsal rami
head EXT, ipsi SB, contra RT

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3
Q

describe the splenius capitis

A

ligament nuchae, sp. C7-T3
superior nuchal line, mastoid process
dorsal rami
neck/head EXT, ipsi SB/RT

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4
Q

describe longissmus capitis

A

transverse process C4-T5
mastoid process
dorsal rami
ipsi RT

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5
Q

describe obliques capitis superior

A

transverse process of atlas
between superior nuchal line and inferior
dorsal rami
head EXT, ipsi SB, contra RT

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6
Q

describe rectus capitis posterior major

A

sp of axis
lateral inferior nuchal line
dorsal rami
head EXT, ipsi RT

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7
Q

describe rectus capitis posterior minor

A

posterior tubercle of atlas
medial inferior nuchal line
dorsal rami
head EXT

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8
Q

describe rectus capitis lateralis

A

transverse process C1
occiput
ventral rami
stabilizer

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9
Q

describe rectus capitis anterior

A

transverse process C1 and anterior arch
occiput
ventral rami
stabilizer

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10
Q

describe longus capitis

A

transverse process C3-6
basilar part of occipital bone
ventral rami
stabilzer

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11
Q

describe posterior digastric belly

A

mastoid notch
hyoid body
facial n
hyoid elevation, retraction of mandible

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12
Q

describe sternocleidomastoid

A

manubrium and proximal clavicle
mastoid process and nuchal line
CN 11
ipsi SB, contra RT, FLX, thorax and shoulder elevation

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13
Q

describe the stylohyoid

A

styloid process
hyoid bone
facial n
hyoid elevation

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14
Q

what is the vertebral body

A

large cylindrical mass of trabecular bone
weight bearing structure

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15
Q

what is the intervertebral disc

A

thick ring of specialized fibrocartilage between vb
shock absorber and spacers

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16
Q

what is an interbody jt

A

cartiliginous jt formed from superior and inferior surfaces of an intervertebral disc and adjacent vb
bound between vertebraes

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17
Q

what is a pedicle

A

short, thick dorsal projection from bone
connects vb to the posterior elements of a vertebrae

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18
Q

what is a lamina

A

thin vertical plate of bone connecting the base of sp to tp
protects posterior aspect of spinal cord

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19
Q

what is the intervertebral foramen

A

lateral opening between adjacent vertebrae
passageway for spinal n

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20
Q

what are transverse process

A

horizontal projection of bone from junction of lamina and pedicle
attachments for muscle and ligaments and ribs

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21
Q

what are the spinous process

A

dorsal midline projection of bone from lamina
midline attachments for muscles and ligaments

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22
Q

what is a costovertebral jt

A

connects the head of the rib to a pair of costal demifacets that spans 2 adjacent vertebraes

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23
Q

what is the costotransverse jt

A

connects articular tubercle of rib to costal facet on tp of corresponding rib
rib out

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24
Q

What is the difference between sternocostal, costochondral, and interchondral

A

Sternocostal- sternum plus costal cartilage
Costochondral- rib plus costal cartilage
Interchondral- false ribs cartilage to sternum

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25
Q

What is lordosis

A

Cervical and lumbar convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly

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26
Q

What is kyphosis

A

Sacrum and thoracic, convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly

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27
Q

Where is the line of gravity

A

Near mastoid process, anterior to S2, posterior to hips, anterior to knee and ankle

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28
Q

What can alter the line of gravity

A

Fat deposition
Hypomobility in the spine
Posture
Muscle strength and endurance
Connective tissues extensibility
Position and magnitude of loads
Facet orientation
Disease

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29
Q

What is ligament flavum

A

Anterior surface on laminate to posterior surface of one below
80% elastin 20% collagen
Constant modest resistance throughout wide range of flex ion with 35% elongation
Thickest
Small but constant compression/stabilization in neutral

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30
Q

What is interspinous ligament

A

Fill space of adjacent spinous processes
Resist flexion
Deep=More elastin
Superficial= more collagen

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31
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament

A

Attaches between the tips of the spinous processes
Resist flexion
Have more collagen

32
Q

What is ligamentum nuchae

A

Tough bilaminar strip of fibroelastic tissue attaches cervical processes and external occipital protuberance
Midline attachment for muscles
Passive tension for extension support

33
Q

what is the intertransverse ligament

A

thin, membranous
taut in contralateral lateral flexion
slightly tight in forward flexion

34
Q

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

long, strong, straplike
basilar part of occipital bone to sacrum
taut in extension and slack in flexion

35
Q

what is the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

entire length of posterior surface of all vertebral bodies to sacrum
anterior to spinal cord
cranially is broad, narrow toward lumbar region
taut with flexion

36
Q

what is the capsular ligament of apophyseal jt

A

attach to rim of the facet surfaces
reinforced by adjacent multifidus/ligamentum flava
some fibers taut in each end ROM

37
Q

what is the restricted with ligaments in sagittal plane

A

posterior- stretch in flexion
anterior- stretch in extension

38
Q

what is the neutral zone

A

the wiggle room between vertebrae

39
Q

why does the neutral zone grow
what happens when it grows

A

DDD or ligamentous injury
more laxity or instability= more demands on the stabilizing systems

40
Q

how does the neutral zone compare with hypo and hypermobility

A

hypo- not enough neutral zone
hyper- too much neutral zone

41
Q

what is the passive system

A

passive portion of the musculotendinous units and send feedback to the neural subsystem

42
Q

what is the active system

A

composed of muscles and tendons

43
Q

what exercise can stress passive system

A

plyometrics

44
Q

what is the neural subsystem

A

receives and transmits information from the two other systems to manage spinal stability
neuromuscular

45
Q

where can core stability be found

A

segmental level of the spine and the whole spine

46
Q

when is the neutral zone is found to increase, what is happening with core stability

A

more slide, glide and rotation- the spinal segments become unstable

47
Q

how are the superior cervical surfaces

A

concave side to side with hooks uncinate processes

48
Q

how are the inferior cervical processes

A

concave ant/post - jt forms between hooks/recess
C3-4 - uncovertebral through C6-7 jts of luschka

49
Q

what is the cause of an osteophyte on U jts and what is compromised because of the osteophyte

A

repetitive stress - hypermobile, malalignment, etc
shown to compress and inflame the exiting C spinal n root

50
Q

how do the facets face on C3-6

A

superior - posterior/superior
inferior - anterior/inferior

51
Q

describe the anterior scalenes

A

anterior tubercle TP C3-6
scalene tubercle of 1st rib
ventral rami
ipsi SB, contra RT, FLX, 1st rib elevation

52
Q

describe middle scalenes

A

posterior tubercle TP C2-7
upper surface rib 1
ventral rami
ipsi SB, 1st rib elevation

53
Q

describe posterior scalane

A

posterior tubercle TP C5-7
2nd rib
ventral rami
ipsi SB, 2nd rib elevation

54
Q

describe levator scapulae

A

TP C1-4
superior angle scapula
dorsal scapular n
elevation and downward rotation of scapula

55
Q

describe splenius cervicis

A

sp T3-6
TP C3-6
dorsal rami
neck EXT, ipsi SB/RT

56
Q

why would a pt have a n injury at C7

A

brachial plexus issue

57
Q

describe thoracic vertebrae

A

pedicles posterior
short, thick lamina
large TP posterior laterally
apophyseal jt in frontal plane
intervertebral foramina

58
Q

what are 3 functional components of intervertebral jt

A

TP/SP - attachment site
apophyseal jt - guide motion
interbody jt - absorb and distribute load

59
Q

how do you perform cervical flexion with goniometer and normal ranges

A

fulcrum= external meatus
proximal arm= perpendicular or parallel to ground
distal arm= base of nares
40 degrees

60
Q

what position is all cervical motions tested in

A

seated

61
Q

what motions for the cervical region need to have just the shoulder girdle stabilized

A

flexion

62
Q

what is stretched with cervical flexion

A

posterior ligaments- supraspinous, infraspinous, ligamentum flavum and nuchae
posterior fibers of annulus fibrosus

63
Q

how to perform tape measure cervical flexion and normal ranges

A

tip of chin to the sternal notch
1 to 4.3 cm

64
Q

how to perform inclinometer for cervical flexion and normal ranges

A

top of head, adjust to 0
65 degrees

65
Q

how to perform cervical extension with goniometer and normal ranges

A

fulcrum= external acoustic meatus
proximal arm= perpendicular or parallel to the ground
distal arm= base of nares
50-70 degrees

66
Q

what is stretched in cervical extension

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
anterior fibers of annulus fibrosus
zygapophyseal jt capsule

67
Q

how to perform tape measure cervical extension and normal ranges

A

tip of chin to sternal notch
18.5 to 22.4 cm

68
Q

how to perform inclinometer cervical extension and normal ranges

A

top of head and adjusted to 0
67 degrees

69
Q

how to perform lateral flexion with goniometer and normal ranges

A

fulcrum= SP C7
proximal arm= perpendicular to ground
distal arm= dorsal midline of head
22 degrees

70
Q

what is stretched in cervical lateral flexion

A

intertransverse ligament
lateral annulus fibrosus fibers

71
Q

how to perform tape measure lateral flexion and normal ranges

A

mastoid process to lateral tip of acromial process
11 to 13 cm

72
Q

how to perform inclinometer cervical lateral flexion and normal ranges

A

top of head and adjusted to 0
42 degrees

73
Q

how to perform cervical rotation with goniometer and normal ranges

A

fulcrum= cranial aspect of head
proximal arm= acromial process
distal arm= tip of nose
48 degrees

74
Q

how to perform cervical rotation with inclinometer and normal ranges

A

pt is supine, inclinometer on forehead, adjust to 0
80 degrees

75
Q

how to perform tape measure cervical rotation and normal ranges

A

tip of chin to acromial process
11 to 13.2 cm

76
Q

what is stretched in cervical rotation

A

alar ligament
fibers of zygapophyseal jt capsule

77
Q

what motions need the shoulder girdle and chest to be stabilized in the cervical region

A

extension
lateral flexion
rotation

DPT 702/3: AFAB (7 decks)

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