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DPT 702/3: AFAB > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the trapezius

A

external occipital protuberance, ligament nuchae, sp. C7-T12
scapular spine, acromial process, lateral 1/3 clavicle
CN 11
elevation, rotation of scapula

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2
Q

describe the semispinalis capitis

A

transverse process T7-C7, articular process C4-6
between inferior and superior nuchal line, deep to trap
dorsal rami
head EXT, ipsi SB, contra RT

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3
Q

describe the splenius capitis

A

ligament nuchae, sp. C7-T3
superior nuchal line, mastoid process
dorsal rami
neck/head EXT, ipsi SB/RT

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4
Q

describe longissmus capitis

A

transverse process C4-T5
mastoid process
dorsal rami
ipsi RT

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5
Q

describe obliques capitis superior

A

transverse process of atlas
between superior nuchal line and inferior
dorsal rami
head EXT, ipsi SB, contra RT

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6
Q

describe rectus capitis posterior major

A

sp of axis
lateral inferior nuchal line
dorsal rami
head EXT, ipsi RT

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7
Q

describe rectus capitis posterior minor

A

posterior tubercle of atlas
medial inferior nuchal line
dorsal rami
head EXT

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8
Q

describe rectus capitis lateralis

A

transverse process C1
occiput
ventral rami
stabilizer

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9
Q

describe rectus capitis anterior

A

transverse process C1 and anterior arch
occiput
ventral rami
stabilizer

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10
Q

describe longus capitis

A

transverse process C3-6
basilar part of occipital bone
ventral rami
stabilzer

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11
Q

describe posterior digastric belly

A

mastoid notch
hyoid body
facial n
hyoid elevation, retraction of mandible

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12
Q

describe sternocleidomastoid

A

manubrium and proximal clavicle
mastoid process and nuchal line
CN 11
ipsi SB, contra RT, FLX, thorax and shoulder elevation

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13
Q

describe the stylohyoid

A

styloid process
hyoid bone
facial n
hyoid elevation

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14
Q

what is the vertebral body

A

large cylindrical mass of trabecular bone
weight bearing structure

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15
Q

what is the intervertebral disc

A

thick ring of specialized fibrocartilage between vb
shock absorber and spacers

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16
Q

what is an interbody jt

A

cartiliginous jt formed from superior and inferior surfaces of an intervertebral disc and adjacent vb
bound between vertebraes

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17
Q

what is a pedicle

A

short, thick dorsal projection from bone
connects vb to the posterior elements of a vertebrae

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18
Q

what is a lamina

A

thin vertical plate of bone connecting the base of sp to tp
protects posterior aspect of spinal cord

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19
Q

what is the intervertebral foramen

A

lateral opening between adjacent vertebrae
passageway for spinal n

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20
Q

what are transverse process

A

horizontal projection of bone from junction of lamina and pedicle
attachments for muscle and ligaments and ribs

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21
Q

what are the spinous process

A

dorsal midline projection of bone from lamina
midline attachments for muscles and ligaments

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22
Q

what is a costovertebral jt

A

connects the head of the rib to a pair of costal demifacets that spans 2 adjacent vertebraes

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23
Q

what is the costotransverse jt

A

connects articular tubercle of rib to costal facet on tp of corresponding rib
rib out

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24
Q

What is the difference between sternocostal, costochondral, and interchondral

A

Sternocostal- sternum plus costal cartilage
Costochondral- rib plus costal cartilage
Interchondral- false ribs cartilage to sternum

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25
What is lordosis
Cervical and lumbar convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly
26
What is kyphosis
Sacrum and thoracic, convex posteriorly and concave anteriorly
27
Where is the line of gravity
Near mastoid process, anterior to S2, posterior to hips, anterior to knee and ankle
28
What can alter the line of gravity
Fat deposition Hypomobility in the spine Posture Muscle strength and endurance Connective tissues extensibility Position and magnitude of loads Facet orientation Disease
29
What is ligament flavum
Anterior surface on laminate to posterior surface of one below 80% elastin 20% collagen Constant modest resistance throughout wide range of flex ion with 35% elongation Thickest Small but constant compression/stabilization in neutral
30
What is interspinous ligament
Fill space of adjacent spinous processes Resist flexion Deep=More elastin Superficial= more collagen
31
What is the supraspinous ligament
Attaches between the tips of the spinous processes Resist flexion Have more collagen
32
What is ligamentum nuchae
Tough bilaminar strip of fibroelastic tissue attaches cervical processes and external occipital protuberance Midline attachment for muscles Passive tension for extension support
33
what is the intertransverse ligament
thin, membranous taut in contralateral lateral flexion slightly tight in forward flexion
34
what is the anterior longitudinal ligament
long, strong, straplike basilar part of occipital bone to sacrum taut in extension and slack in flexion
35
what is the posterior longitudinal ligament
entire length of posterior surface of all vertebral bodies to sacrum anterior to spinal cord cranially is broad, narrow toward lumbar region taut with flexion
36
what is the capsular ligament of apophyseal jt
attach to rim of the facet surfaces reinforced by adjacent multifidus/ligamentum flava some fibers taut in each end ROM
37
what is the restricted with ligaments in sagittal plane
posterior- stretch in flexion anterior- stretch in extension
38
what is the neutral zone
the wiggle room between vertebrae
39
why does the neutral zone grow what happens when it grows
DDD or ligamentous injury more laxity or instability= more demands on the stabilizing systems
40
how does the neutral zone compare with hypo and hypermobility
hypo- not enough neutral zone hyper- too much neutral zone
41
what is the passive system
passive portion of the musculotendinous units and send feedback to the neural subsystem
42
what is the active system
composed of muscles and tendons
43
what exercise can stress passive system
plyometrics
44
what is the neural subsystem
receives and transmits information from the two other systems to manage spinal stability neuromuscular
45
where can core stability be found
segmental level of the spine and the whole spine
46
when is the neutral zone is found to increase, what is happening with core stability
more slide, glide and rotation- the spinal segments become unstable
47
how are the superior cervical surfaces
concave side to side with hooks uncinate processes
48
how are the inferior cervical processes
concave ant/post - jt forms between hooks/recess C3-4 - uncovertebral through C6-7 jts of luschka
49
what is the cause of an osteophyte on U jts and what is compromised because of the osteophyte
repetitive stress - hypermobile, malalignment, etc shown to compress and inflame the exiting C spinal n root
50
how do the facets face on C3-6
superior - posterior/superior inferior - anterior/inferior
51
describe the anterior scalenes
anterior tubercle TP C3-6 scalene tubercle of 1st rib ventral rami ipsi SB, contra RT, FLX, 1st rib elevation
52
describe middle scalenes
posterior tubercle TP C2-7 upper surface rib 1 ventral rami ipsi SB, 1st rib elevation
53
describe posterior scalane
posterior tubercle TP C5-7 2nd rib ventral rami ipsi SB, 2nd rib elevation
54
describe levator scapulae
TP C1-4 superior angle scapula dorsal scapular n elevation and downward rotation of scapula
55
describe splenius cervicis
sp T3-6 TP C3-6 dorsal rami neck EXT, ipsi SB/RT
56
why would a pt have a n injury at C7
brachial plexus issue
57
describe thoracic vertebrae
pedicles posterior short, thick lamina large TP posterior laterally apophyseal jt in frontal plane intervertebral foramina
58
what are 3 functional components of intervertebral jt
TP/SP - attachment site apophyseal jt - guide motion interbody jt - absorb and distribute load
59
how do you perform cervical flexion with goniometer and normal ranges
fulcrum= external meatus proximal arm= perpendicular or parallel to ground distal arm= base of nares 40 degrees
60
what position is all cervical motions tested in
seated
61
what motions for the cervical region need to have just the shoulder girdle stabilized
flexion
62
what is stretched with cervical flexion
posterior ligaments- supraspinous, infraspinous, ligamentum flavum and nuchae posterior fibers of annulus fibrosus
63
how to perform tape measure cervical flexion and normal ranges
tip of chin to the sternal notch 1 to 4.3 cm
64
how to perform inclinometer for cervical flexion and normal ranges
top of head, adjust to 0 65 degrees
65
how to perform cervical extension with goniometer and normal ranges
fulcrum= external acoustic meatus proximal arm= perpendicular or parallel to the ground distal arm= base of nares 50-70 degrees
66
what is stretched in cervical extension
anterior longitudinal ligament anterior fibers of annulus fibrosus zygapophyseal jt capsule
67
how to perform tape measure cervical extension and normal ranges
tip of chin to sternal notch 18.5 to 22.4 cm
68
how to perform inclinometer cervical extension and normal ranges
top of head and adjusted to 0 67 degrees
69
how to perform lateral flexion with goniometer and normal ranges
fulcrum= SP C7 proximal arm= perpendicular to ground distal arm= dorsal midline of head 22 degrees
70
what is stretched in cervical lateral flexion
intertransverse ligament lateral annulus fibrosus fibers
71
how to perform tape measure lateral flexion and normal ranges
mastoid process to lateral tip of acromial process 11 to 13 cm
72
how to perform inclinometer cervical lateral flexion and normal ranges
top of head and adjusted to 0 42 degrees
73
how to perform cervical rotation with goniometer and normal ranges
fulcrum= cranial aspect of head proximal arm= acromial process distal arm= tip of nose 48 degrees
74
how to perform cervical rotation with inclinometer and normal ranges
pt is supine, inclinometer on forehead, adjust to 0 80 degrees
75
how to perform tape measure cervical rotation and normal ranges
tip of chin to acromial process 11 to 13.2 cm
76
what is stretched in cervical rotation
alar ligament fibers of zygapophyseal jt capsule
77
what motions need the shoulder girdle and chest to be stabilized in the cervical region
extension lateral flexion rotation

DPT 702/3: AFAB (7 decks)

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