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DPT 702/3: AFAB > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is kinematics

A

position, velocity, and acceleration
motion of the body without regard to force

EX- AROM

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2
Q

what is kinetics

A

force, types of load

EX- manual muscle tests

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3
Q

what is the difference between biomechanics and kinesiology

A

biomechanics- application of life with mechanics, kinematics and kinetics fall in this range
kinesiology- study of movement, functional anatomy

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4
Q

what are the two types of motion for kinematics

A

translation and rotation

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5
Q

what is translation

A

all parts of a rigid body move parallel and in the same direction
rectilinear- straight
curvilinear- curved

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6
Q

what is rotation

A

circular path along a pivot point

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7
Q

what is angular motion

A

rotation of a joint
the body moves in a circular path creating an arc. the arc is different depending upon different points chosen

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8
Q

what is general planar motion

A

translation plus rotation

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9
Q

T/F: if there is rotation, there is an axis

A

true

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10
Q

T/F: during translation, there is always an axis, even if rotation is absent

A

False

if rotation is absent, there is never an axis

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11
Q

describe the motion: ice skater

A

rectilinear

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12
Q

describe the motion: broad jump

A

curvilinear

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13
Q

describe the motion: walking

A

curvilinear and rotation

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14
Q

describe the motion and why: cartwheel

A

curvilinear and rotation

the person is going from point A to B in a curved fashion as well as rotating around COM

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15
Q

describe the motion: tuck
where is the COM

A

rotation
outside the body

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16
Q

describe the motion: runner and javelin

A

curvilinear and rotation
curvilinear

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17
Q

describe the motion: ice skater doing triple jump

A

curvilinear and rotation

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18
Q

what is angular motion measured in

A

radians and degrees

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19
Q

why is it rotation of the forearm around the elbow? why is it not curvilinear motion? where is the axis?

A

the hand moves a greater distance than the elbow which is the pivot point
the axis is M-L

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20
Q

what is osteokinematics

A

planes and axis, degrees of freedom, close and open chain

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21
Q

what is arthrokinematics

A

joint motions, convex/concave rules, open/closed packed

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22
Q

what axis pairs with sagittal plane

A

M-L

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23
Q

what plane pairs with A-P axis

A

frontal

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24
Q

what axis pairs with transverse plane

A

longitudinal or S-I

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25
what is degrees of freedom
number of directions of movements allowed at a joint 3 degrees of angular freedom = 3 cardinal planes
26
the convex on concave movements are equal to what direction
opposite- sliding and rolling go opposite directions
27
concave on convex movements are equal to what direction
same- the sliding and rolling move in the same direction
28
what is considered closed packed
maximal congruency most ligaments are taut stability accessory movements are limited
29
what is considered open or loose packed
ligaments are slack increase accessory movements joint mobilizations are performed here
30
what is considered the elastic region
normal range
31
what happens beyond the yield point but before failure
microfiber tears in the plastic region
32
what is the plastic region
micro fiber tears occur causing the tissue to not return to normal
33
what is viscoelastic material
both fluid and solid strain rate depends on time gives off energy absorbed as heat the reason we need to warm up before exercise
34
what are the 3 characteristics of viscoelastic material
creep stress relaxation hysteresis or energy dissipation
35
what is creep
increasing deformation under constant stress elastic to plastic
36
what is hysteresis or energy dissipation
viscoelastic material being unloaded and loaded, the curve for each are different after 10 cycles the curve no longer changes (the body is warmed up) and is reproducable
37
what is synarthroses
slight to no motion based on type of periarticular tissue
38
what is diarthroses
allows moderate to extensive motion
39
what is in a synarthroses fibrous joint
dense connective tissues
40
what is a synarthroses cartilaginous joint
stabilized by flexible fibrocartilage/hyaline cartilage: function to strongly bind/transfer forces
41
what is an example of synarthroses fibrous syndemoses
tibia-fibula interosseous membrane
42
what is an example of synarthroses fibrous suture
coronal suture
43
what is an example of synarthroses fibrous gomphosis
teeth
44
what is an example of synarthroses cartilaginous synchondroses
costosternal
45
what is an example of synarthroses cartilaginous symphyses
pubic symphysis
46
what are the 7 elements associated with synovial joints
articular cartilage blood vessels ligaments synovial membrane sensory nerves capsular ligaments joint capsule
47
what elements can sometimes be associated with synovial joints
intra-articular disc or menisci peripheral labrum fat pads bursa synovial plicae
48
what are the 2 distinct layers of the joint capsule
external- fibrous dense, provides support internal- synovial membrane, 3-10 cells thick
49
what are the functions of the synovial membrane
lubricating glycoproteins, coats articular surface, reduces friction, provides nutrition
50
what is a hinge joint
movement at a plane located at a right angle to pin rotation and sliding flexion/extension humero-ulnar
51
what is a pivot joint
formed by central pin surrounded by larger cylinder produces spin- rotation humeroradial joint, atlas/axis
52
what is a plane joint
pairing of 2 flat or slightly curved surfaces sliding and rotation lack of axis of rotation carpometacarpal 2-5 tension in muscles and ligaments causing lack of motion
53
what is a saddle joint
2 surfaces- one convex, one concave- oriented at right angles front to back- concave side to side- convex thumb joint FLX/EXT, ABD/ADD, circumduction
54
what is instantaneous axis of rotation
the axis of rotation for that motion in that moment
55
what is an evolute
the path of serial locations for the IAR
56
what measuring tool is used to measure the average axis of rotation
goniometer
57
when the path of the evolute is longer and more complex, what is the opposing joint surface experiencing
opposing joint surfaces are less congruent
58
what are the fundamental materials that make up connective tissues
collagen elastin GAG water fibroblasts chondrocytes
59
what are fibroblasts
cells that make collagen ligaments, tendons, other supportive tissues
60
what are chondrocytes
live in cartilage and provide nutrition hyaline, fibrocartilages
61
what is collagen
high tensile strength, poor stretch, most abundant tropocollagen- triple helix
62
what is type I collagen
thick fibers with little elongation stiff and strong ligaments, tendons, fascia, capsules
63
what is type II collagen
thinner and slightly less tensile strength general shape of structures hyaline cartilage
64
what is GAG
glycoaminoglycans- give physical resilience transmits loads
65
Describe dense connective tissue
ligaments, fibrous capsule, tendons fibroblasts limited blood supply- this increases with load
66
what is the function of dense connective tissue
resists tension protect and binds joints transfer forces between muscle and bone
67
what is articular cartilage
specialized hyaline cartilage avascular
68
what is the function of articular cartilage
distributes and absorbs joint forces reduces friction
69
what is fibrocartilage
menisci labrum disc
70
what is the function of fibrocartilage
stabilizes joints dissipates loads guides arthrokinematics
71
what are sharpey's fibers
collagen extending deep into the bone material
72
how does the cartilage receive nutrition
by intermittent joint loading that is milking the synovial fluid within the joint
73
how does WB activities increase bone density
by using Wolff's law tension and compression create electrical potential that stimulates bone deposition and increase density at points of stress

DPT 702/3: AFAB (7 decks)

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