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DPT 702/3: AFAB > E1- Low BAck > Flashcards

E1- Low BAck Flashcards

1
Q

what horn does the autonomic nerves run through

A

ventral

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2
Q

what horn does the somatic motor neuron run through and where does it go

A

ventral
nerves going out

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3
Q

what horn does the sensory neurons run through and where does it go

A

dorsal
nerves run to the spinal nerves

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4
Q

what are the posterior elements of the vertebrae

A

transverse/spinous process, laminae, articular process

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5
Q

what are the pedicles

A

bridge that connects the posterior elements to vertebral body

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6
Q

what affects spinal curves and LOG

A

limb position, fat deposition, muscle strength, connective tissue extensibility, loads, vertebral bodies, shape of facets

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7
Q

what is the purpose of spinal curves and LOG

A

provides strength and resilience but vulnerable to shear forces at transitions

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8
Q

where is the axis of rotation in flexion and extension in the vertebrae

A

vertebral body

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9
Q

where is the axis of rotation in SB in the vertebrae

A

vertebral body and disc

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10
Q

where is the axis of rotation during RT in the vertebrae

A

spinal canal

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11
Q

what is neutral zone

A

the amount of intervertebral movement that occurs with the least passive resistance

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12
Q

what happens when neutral zone is increased

A

increased with injury or weakness of surrounding tissues

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13
Q

Neutral zone is a better measurement of what

A

instability

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14
Q

what is core stability

A

viewed as a segmental level or as a whole

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15
Q

what is marked or chronic spinal instability

A

further injury to local ligaments
injury to facets, disc, and nerves
loss of ROM
may need surgery

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16
Q

describe T2-9

A

downward pointing spinous process
facets are vertical - frontal plane
pair of costal facets

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17
Q

describe T1

A

full costal attachment and demi

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18
Q

describe T10-12

A

full costal attachment

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19
Q

describe the lumbar region

A

massive wide bodies- support
TP project lateral- 1- 4 thin, 5 strong
SP broad
mammillary process off sup articular surface on posterior side

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20
Q

what plane are better for L1-4

A

sagittal

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21
Q

what plane are better for L5-S1

A

frontal

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22
Q

describe the sacrum

A

base - superior
apex - inferior
sacral promontory - anterior edge
ala are wings

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23
Q

what does the sacrum do

A

transmits weight of vertebral column to pelvis

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24
Q

what forms the the SI joint

A

large articular surface articulates with the ilium
sacrum moving on iliac

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25
describe anterior sacrum
smooth concave posterior wall of of pelvic cavity 4 ventral foramina
26
describe posterior sacrum
convex and rough - muscle attachment spinal and lateral tubercle transmit dorsi rami sacral spinal nerve roots
27
what is the cauda equina
at birth spinal cord= vertebral canal adult spinal cord ends at L1 horse tail
28
what are the 3 functional components of intervertebral joints and their functions
T/SP- mechanical levers apophyseal joints- guiding motion interbody joint- absorb and distribute load
29
describe apophyseal joints
24 pairs plane jt lined with articular cartilage mechanical barricades m help control
30
where are intervertebral or interbody joints
C2-3 through L5-S1 disc, endplates, adjacent vb
31
describe the disc
hydraulic shock absorbing system dissipates and transfers loads GAGS, proteins, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, water
32
describe the annulus
15-25 concentric rings prevent distraction/shear/torsion connects to endplates
33
describe the endplate
cartilaginous cap diffusion of O2 and glucose vascular supply
34
what is the process for degenerated intervertebral discs
reduced permeability - reduced inhibits syntheses of proteoglycans less proteoglycans- less water less ability to absorb or transfer loads not just with aging but with excessive or abnormal loads
35
what is viscoelastic
flexible low loads rigid at high loads
36
what is the explanation for spinal coupling
muscle action, fact orientation, posture, ribs, stiffness, curve of spine
37
describe the thoracic region
stable base for musculature, protective organs, breathing 40-45 deg normal kyphosis facets- frontal plane all planes of motion 24 apophyseal joints
38
describe flexion in the thoracic region
30-40 deg limited by ligs on posterior body
39
describe extension in the thoracic region
15-20 deg limited by ALL and lamina of adjacent vb
40
what is the reason for more FLX/EXT in the lower thoracic region
free floating ribs and facets more sagittal
41
what is the breakdown of flexion in the thoracolumbar region
85 deg = 35 thoracic + 50 lumbar tension on capsule of apophyseal jt, interspinous, supraspinous, PLL and compression of anterior annulus
42
what is the breakdown of extension in the thoracolumbar region
35 deg = 20 thoracic + 15 lumbar tension on ALL, anterior annulus, capsule of apophyseal jt
43
what is the degrees for RT in the thoracolumbar
25-35
44
what is the degrees for SB in the thoracolumbar
25-30
45
what are the normal ranges for the lumbar regions
FLX- 45-55 EXT- 15-25 RT- 5-7 SB- 20
46
how does coupling compare the cervical and thoracic spine to lumabr
lumbar coupling is inconsistent compared to cervical and thoracic
47
what is the arthrokinematics of the ribs during exhalation
upper costotransverse jt - ant RT lower costotransverse jt - sup glide produces thoracic flexion
48
what is the arthrokinematics of the ribs during inhalation
upper costotransverse jt - post RT lower costotransverse jt - inf glide produces thoracic ext
49
what happens when the pelvis has too much of an anterior tilit
increase in lumbar lordosis (extension) contraction of hip flexors and back extensors
50
how do we do a posterior tilt
contraction of hip extensors and abs
51
what structures resist tension at L5/S1
disc capsule of facets ALL facets - frontal plane iliolumbar lig create resistance force compression at L5/S1
52
what is the iliolumbar lig
inf aspect of L4-5 and quadratus lumborum firm anchor between L5 and ilium/sacrum
53
what is lumbar spine kinematics
3 DOF flexion 45-55 extension 15-25 RT 5-7 SB 20
54
what happens during flexion of the lumbar spine
inf facets slide sup and ant compression forces shift away from facets
55
how does the disc change in flexion
disc goes posterior
56
what happens during extension of the lumbar spine
inf facets slide inf and post increased contact and load on facets
57
how does the disc and foramina change with extension of lumbar spine
foramina size reduced and disc moves anterior
58
what is the normal lumbar flexion to hip flexion ratio
45 deg lumbar flexion to 60 deg hip flexion
59
what compensation happens there is limited hip flexion
greater flexion is required of lumbar and thoracic spine
60
what compensation happens when there is limited lumbar flexion
greater flexion is required of the hips
61
why is there a limited RT in the lumbar region
bony resistance due to facet alignment more than 3 deg per segment would damage facet surface and tear AF
62
what is the sacroiliac joint
junction between auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium, tight fitting for stability
63
what is the keystone of the pelvic ring
sacrum
64
what is the function of the SI jt
transfer weight of the upper body shock absorber
65
what is the SI jt innervation and pain locations
L5-S3 lower lumbar region, medial buttock, PSIS and SI jt ligs
66
what is the role of the thoracolumbar fascia
mechanical stability of low back and SI jt
67
how is the cartilage of the SI jt on the ilia side
fibrocartilage 1-2 mm thickness
68
what is the purpose of of the grooves and ridges on SI jt as we age
enhances stability
69
what is the innominate motion
iliac crests move on sacrum
70
what is sacroiliac motion
sacrum moves on innominate
71
what is nutation
anterior or forward motion of sacrum (flexion)
72
what is counternutation
posterior or backward motion of sacrum (extension)
73
what causes bilateral motion of sacrum
forward and backward bending of the trunk nutation and counternutation
74
what causes unilateral motion of sacrum
flexion and extension of LE (walking) one side nutates and induces RT
75
what motions can happen within the pelvis of the innominates in NWB
10-12 deg post RT with 6 mm ant translation 2 deg ant RT with 8 mm ant translation
76
what motions can happen within the pelvis of the innominates in WB
2.5 deg RT with .5-1.6 mm translation
77
what motions can happen within the pelvis of the sacrum
FLX/EXT Lat RT RT - 1 to 4 deg and 1-2 mm translation
78
what is the closed packed position of the sacrum
standing when loaded full nutation
79
when is the sacrum unloaded and what happens
supine return to counternutation less stable
80
what is happening to the sacral promontory in nutation
anterior and inferior
81
what is the arthro of the sacrum with nutation
glides inferior down the short arm and posterior along the long arm
82
what resist the motion of nutation
wedge shape of sacrum ridges/depression interosseous and sacrotuberous leg
83
what is happening to the sacral promontory in counternutation
sacral base moves posterior and superior
84
what is the arthro of the sacrum with counternutation
glides anterior along long arm and superior along short arm
85
what resist the motion of counternutation
long dorsal ligament less stable because sacrotuberous and interosseous are lax
86
what is sacral torsion
the coupling of RT and SB
87
what happens to the sacrum and pelvis when the lumbar flexes
sacrum extends (counternutation) pelvis post tilt
88
what happens to the sacrum and pelvis when the lumbar extends
sacrum flexes (nutates) pelvis ant tilt
89
what is the oblique axis
where the motion starts
90
what is done on the superior axis
breathing - inhale base forward and coccyx/ILA, posterior
91
what is the middle axis
nutation and counternutation postural
92
what is the inferior transverse axis
ilia on sacrum
93
what is the vertical axis
unilateral RT
94
what is physiological motion
anterior motion fixation/nutation
95
what is non-physiological motion
posterior motion fixation/counternutation
96
how is the sacrum positioned with L on L physiological
R nutated L RT and FLX on L oblique axis
97
how is the sacrum positioned with R on R physiological
L nutated R RT and FLX on R oblique axis
98
how is the sacrum positioned with L on R non-physiological
L RT and EXT R counternutated on R oblique axis
99
how is the sacrum positioned with R on L non-physiological
R RT and EXT L counternutated on L oblique axis

DPT 702/3: AFAB (7 decks)

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