Exam 2

Question 1

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 1

Studies specific genetic variations on drug responses

Question 2

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 2

Studies drug response using information from the entire genome

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

The gene make ups that cause a particular trait or disorder

Question 4

What are snps

Answer 4

They are mutations. The simple form and most common source of genetic polymorphism in the human genome

Question 5

Synonymous

Answer 5

The substitution causes no amino acid change to the protein it produces. Aka silent mutation

Question 6

Non-synonymous

Answer 6

The substitution results in an alteration of the encoded amino acid. A missed email mutation changes the protein by mutation by causing a change of codon. A nonsense results in a misplaced termination

Question 7

Genotyping

Answer 7

Over expression nonsense and missense snp

Question 8

Phenotyping

Answer 8

Measurements of enzyme activity

Question 9

Extensive metabolizers

Answer 9

Normal. Can be Hetero or homozygous

Question 10

Poor metabolizers

Answer 10

Mutation/ deletion of both alleles homozygous recessive

Question 11

Ultra extensive metabolizers

Answer 11

Gene amplification, autosomal dominant

Question 12

What does protein synthesis require

Answer 12

Requires amino acids, mrna, tRNA, and ribosomes

Question 13

What are the differences in ribosomes from a procaryote to eucaryote

Answer 13

Eucaryotuc ribosomes are larger

Question 14

What are the tRNA binding sides of a ribosome

Answer 14

A: aminoacyl
P: peptidyl
E:exit

Question 15

What are eukaryotic tRNA synthesized by

Answer 15

RNA POL III

Question 16

Amino acid activation

Answer 16

Enzyme synthetases brings the amino acid with the tRNA and uses atp

Question 17

Shine dalgarno sequence

Answer 17

Uaaggaggu

Question 18

Wobble

Answer 18

The anticodon of tRNA can base pair with multiple codons

Question 19

Initiation of protein synthesis (prokaryotes part 1

Answer 19

IF1 interacts with the a site and prevents the free access of fmet-trna it also prevents binding of the 50s subunit

Question 20

Initiation of protein synthesis part 2

Answer 20

IF3 stabilizes the 30s and helps to prevent the binding of the 50s subunit

Question 21

Initiation of protein synthesis part 3

Answer 21

IF2 transfers the Fmet-trnaf to the p position

Question 22

How is fmet-trnaf different from met-trnam

Answer 22

Met-trnam only inserts methionine in internal positions