Exam 2 Flashcards
Pharmacogenetics
Studies specific genetic variations on drug responses
Pharmacogenomics
Studies drug response using information from the entire genome
Genotype
The gene make ups that cause a particular trait or disorder
What are snps
They are mutations. The simple form and most common source of genetic polymorphism in the human genome
Synonymous
The substitution causes no amino acid change to the protein it produces. Aka silent mutation
Non-synonymous
The substitution results in an alteration of the encoded amino acid. A missed email mutation changes the protein by mutation by causing a change of codon. A nonsense results in a misplaced termination
Genotyping
Over expression nonsense and missense snp
Phenotyping
Measurements of enzyme activity
Extensive metabolizers
Normal. Can be Hetero or homozygous
Poor metabolizers
Mutation/ deletion of both alleles homozygous recessive
Ultra extensive metabolizers
Gene amplification, autosomal dominant
What does protein synthesis require
Requires amino acids, mrna, tRNA, and ribosomes
What are the differences in ribosomes from a procaryote to eucaryote
Eucaryotuc ribosomes are larger
What are the tRNA binding sides of a ribosome
A: aminoacyl
P: peptidyl
E:exit
What are eukaryotic tRNA synthesized by
RNA POL III
Amino acid activation
Enzyme synthetases brings the amino acid with the tRNA and uses atp
Shine dalgarno sequence
Uaaggaggu
Wobble
The anticodon of tRNA can base pair with multiple codons
Initiation of protein synthesis (prokaryotes part 1
IF1 interacts with the a site and prevents the free access of fmet-trna it also prevents binding of the 50s subunit
Initiation of protein synthesis part 2
IF3 stabilizes the 30s and helps to prevent the binding of the 50s subunit
Initiation of protein synthesis part 3
IF2 transfers the Fmet-trnaf to the p position
How is fmet-trnaf different from met-trnam
Met-trnam only inserts methionine in internal positions
