Exam

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

changes in anthropometric parameters (physical) that are observable and measurable. For example, mass (weight), stature (height), and circumferences

Question 2

Maturation

Answer 2

changes controlled by a biological time clock that is primarily genetic (inherited) and influenced little by the environment. For example, puberty.

Question 3

Learning

Answer 3

relative permanent and deliberate changes in behavior or performance that can be measured and are best demonstrated by retention or transfer.

Question 4

Development

Answer 4

changes across time, which are the sum of growth, maturation, environment and learning.

Question 5

Domains

Answer 5

circumscribed areas, for example psycho-motor and cognitive domains.

Question 6

Physical domain

Answer 6

biological characteristics (e.g., stature or muscle mass) or automatic inherent movements (e.g., reflexes)

Question 7

Psycho-motor domain

Answer 7

purposeful and often complex movement skills (e.g., typing, skipping or throwing a touchdown pass)

Question 8

Cognitive domain

Answer 8

memory and decision making

Question 9

Affective domain

Answer 9

psychological characteristics (e.g., happiness, character)

Question 10

Theory

Answer 10

does three things: Organizes information, provides a framework for testing (doing research) and allows us to make predictions.

Question 11

Qualitative

Answer 11

observable and process oriented

Question 12

Quantitative

Answer 12

the outcome in terms of numbers (speed, distance or accuracy for example)

Question 13

Longitudinal

Answer 13

studied across time

Question 14

Cross-sectional

Answer 14

comparing unique groups at the same time

Question 15

Descriptive

Answer 15

describing performances

Question 16

Quasi-experimental

Answer 16

interventions or treatments that are not randomly assigned (for example the treatment is gender or age which can’t be randomly assigned)

Question 17

Dependent variable

Answer 17

what is being measured

Question 18

Independent variable

Answer 18

treatment or also a category (age group for example, thus a categorical variable)

Question 19

Individual constraints are divided into two categories

Answer 19

i. Structural (physical or biological) ii. Functional (skill, knowledge)

Question 20

Task constraints

Answer 20

are rules, equipment, goals of the activity

Question 21

Environmental constraints can be viewed in two ways

Answer 21

can be viewed in two ways i. Physical (Weather, climate, and opportunity) ii. Social (socio-cultural)

Question 22

Developmentally appropriate practice in physical activity has the following characteristics:

Answer 22

a. Orderly sequence of skill learning b. Appropriate goal structures c. Provisions for individual differences d. Ample practice time

Question 23

Physical activity

Answer 23

is whole body movement; being physically active is defined as sufficient activity to reduce health risk (see guidelines).

Question 24

Physical fitness

Answer 24

is meeting a standard on a specific set of measurements (cardiorespiratory, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition).

Question 25

Motor skill

Answer 25

is a measured level of proficiency on gross motor, dance, gymnastics, aquatic or sport skills.

Question 26

Lifespan

Answer 26

is from birth to death

Question 27

chronological age

Answer 27

chronological age (CA based on the years of life)

Question 28

biological or maturational age

Answer 28

MA or BA based on the attainment of systemic values such as puberty, skeletal or dental measures

Question 29

sex

Answer 29

male or female in biological sense.

Question 30

Gender

Answer 30

male or female in socio-cultural context

Question 31

critical periods

Answer 31

point at which you must learn something.

Question 32

readiness

Answer 32

time easier to learn something.. Congnitvely ready, not physically