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hope this works > 3/17/2014 test #3 > Flashcards

3/17/2014 test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Does not occur at the same rate Is influenced by all three constraints has no unified theory (covering 3 domains)

A

Development

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2
Q

Skeletal Ossification Size and shape Dental Deciduous and permanent teeth X-ray of teeth and jaw (ossification) Age of menarche Genitalia maturity

A

Scales of maturation

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3
Q

Biological Inherited Environmental Maturation (Process Biological time clock- largely genetic ) Physical growth (Changes in lengths, diameters, breadths, ratios, relative and absolute dimensions Rate (velocity) and distance (absolute) Sexual maturation and reproductive maturation Genetic and environmental )

A

Growth and Maturation

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4
Q

(picture of x-ray of hand) Skeletal ossification Epiphyseal plates Size and shape (old people bones are swollen with arthritis, makes joints bigger )

A

More on scales of maturation

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5
Q

Increases in Stature Mass Fat free mass (FFM) fat mass relative fatness (percent) sum of skin folds

A

With age and sexual maturity

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6
Q

Stature mass FFM

A

increases across age and maturation

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7
Q

Fat mass triceps skin folds sub scapular skin fold

A

very little changes across age and maturation

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8
Q

Relative fatness (percent) goes down

A

decrease across age and maturation

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9
Q

Changes are rapid reach “maturation” stay that way 40 years changes at old age slow determining maturation is difficult

A

Challenge of scales

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10
Q

Explains growth before birth

A

Hyperplasia

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11
Q

Explains growth after birth

A

Hypertrophy

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12
Q
A

Gender differences in growth and maturtation

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13
Q
A
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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Scales
Menarche, sperm arch
Rate of maturation varies by domain or system
Patterns of growth and maturation for boys and girls
Deciduous, ossification, Epiphyseal, PHV, Menopause, FFM, relative fat, stature, mass

A

Maturation

17
Q

Distance and velocity curves
Changes in linear proportions from B-maturity
Hyperplasia, hypertrophy

A

Growth

18
Q

Stature is highly heritable
Upper and lower limit set by genes
Maturation is heritable
Environmental determines how close to boundary

Later maturation individuals grow for more months
Greater stature

Males grow 2 years more than females

Legs grow more rapidly than torso or head

Therefore on average
MALES ARE Taller
Males have longer legs

A

Stature summary

19
Q

Other proportions picture ( on phone)

A

Decrease in relative size during the growth period. The diminishing circumferences reflect the ratio.

Males shoulders grow more than the hips and explain the ratios

Males and females shoulders are wider than their hips

20
Q

look at i phone pic

A

Decrease in relative size during the growth period. The diminishing circumferences reflect the ratio.

Males shoulders grow more than the hips and explain the ratios

Males and females shoulders are wider than their hips

21
Q

Normal healthy children
10-20% males
20-30% females

Menstruating women
+15%

Lifespan
Assumptions are based on bone and muscle
Elderly decrease in both
Often body weight does not change in old age

A

Body Fat

22
Q

Males
42% skeletal muscle
20% bone
18% other lean
20% fat

Ages 20-40
Males gain 20 lbs fat
Males misplace skeletal muscle (10 lbs)
Males gain 30 lbs of fat 160-180 mass
20%A to 34% fat

Females
36% skeletal muscle
13-20% bone
18% other lean
30% fat

A

Typical Adults

23
Q

Growth increases lean body mass
Males increase more in LBM than females
Females increase more in fat than males
Resulting in larger difference in relative fat

A

Summary on Body Composition

24
Q

Has a positive impact on stature
More active children meet or exceed genetic expectations
Positive on body fat (less)
Positive on muscle (more)

A

Physical Activity

25
Q

Genetic

Maturation
Stature

Environment

Skeletal muscle
Bone diameter
Bone breadth
Mass

Bone density

Fat mass

A

Major Influence

26
Q

Physique =Shape or Somatoptype

A
27
Q

Systems for determining physique
Shelton’s Atlas of Man
3 numbers from 1-7
711 endomorph
171 mesomorph
117 Ectomorph

Health and Carter
Extended the system to include women, other countries
0-12
Most people are balanced

A

Physique

28
Q

Endomorphy (fatness)
Skinfolds
Stature

Mesomorphy - muscularity (bone and muscle)
Stature
BREADTH of femur and humerus
Circumference at triceps and calf
skin fold of triceps and calf

Ectomorphy - ponderal index (linerarity)
Stature
Mass

A

Calculating Somatotype

29
Q

Girls higher in endomorphy
Boys higher in mesomorphy
No differences in ectomorphy

A

Gender Trends

30
Q

Adolescence
Males increase meso + some ecto
Females increase endo

Preschoolers
50% OF GIRLS GT 4 endomorphy
25% of boys GT 4 endomorphy
50% of boys GT 4 mesomorphy
16% girls GT mesomorphy

A

Age Trends in Physique

hope this works (6 decks)

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