EXAM

Question 1

cellular respiration equation

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

Question 2

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 2

cytosol/cytoplasm

Question 3

does glycolysis require oxygen

Answer 3

no

Question 4

what mQ does glycolysis start with

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

what mQs do glycolysis end with

Answer 5

NADH, ATP, H2O, pyruvate

Question 6

what is the waste product of the citric acid cycle and how is it removed

Answer 6

CO2, leaves as bicarbonate in blood and gets breathed out by lungs

Question 7

3 obstacles for sperm

Answer 7

travel far distance with only 3-5 days to live, vagina very acidic and sperm more basic so pH levels could kill it, mucus plug in the cervix that the sperm must pass through

Question 8

mitosis without cytokinesis results in what?

Answer 8

cells with more than one nucleus

Question 9

relationship btwn sequence of bases in DNA of one sister chromatid compared to the other

Answer 9

the sequences are identical

Question 10

how cancer develops

Answer 10

proto-oncogenes become oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are inactivated– pushing gas pedal to the floor, mitosis happens faster

Question 11

degrees of freeedom

Answer 11

options - 1

Question 12

rosalind franklin

Answer 12

showed DNA’s double helical-structure

Question 13

first genetical engineering synthetic insulin called Humulin prodcued by E coli bacteria in

Answer 13

1978

Question 14

+pGLO

Answer 14

bacterial colonies transformed with the pGLO plasmid

Question 15

GFP

Answer 15

green fluorescent protein

Question 16

GloFish

Answer 16

first commercialized animal that was genetically modified to glow

Question 17

plasmid

Answer 17

circular DNA that can be passed btwn bacteria, can also be edited to include genes from other organisms

Question 18

restriction enzyme

Answer 18

used to cut open plasmids for gene insertion

Question 19

ligase

Answer 19

enzyme that links together cut ends of a gene and plasmid

Question 20

genetic transformation

Answer 20

process in which a cell takes up a plasmid and expresses the genes that are part of this DNA

Question 21

transcription & translation

Answer 21

2 parts of protein synthesis

Question 22

gfp gene

Answer 22

DNA sequence that codes for the green flourescent protein

Question 23

beta lactamase gene (bla gene)

Answer 23

encodes for an enzyme that breaks down ampicillin; allows for selection of transformed bacteria bc it is part of the pGLO plasmid

Question 24

araC gene

Answer 24

an “inducible promoter” that acts as a switch to turn on the production of GFP in the presence of the sugar arabinose

Question 25

E. coli

Answer 25

bacteria used in the pGLO transformation process

Question 26

aequorea victoria

Answer 26

jellyfish that the gene coding for GFP was isolated from

Question 27

what do the light rxns of photosynthesis require

Answer 27

water as reactant & produce O2 as a product

Question 28

photosynthesis equation

Answer 28

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 29

how many sex chromies are normally in a human gamete

Answer 29

2

Question 30

which process takes place during translatin

Answer 30

conversion of genetic information from teh language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

Question 31

from pGLO transformation, glowing bacteria from?

Answer 31

agar mixed w/ LB nutrient broth, arabinose sugar, ampicillin

Question 32

cellular respiration demonstrates the theme of energy and matter in that

Answer 32

energy in food is transferred to energy in ATP

Question 33

RNA contains the sugar

Answer 33

ribose

Question 34

the fxn of the transformation solution (calcium chloride) in the pGLO lab is to

Answer 34

neutralize the DNA for easier passage of the plasmid through the non-polar phospholipid bilayer