Exam Flashcards
Bond breaking stuff
If less/more energy is absorbed during bond breaking, than released during bond forming it is
Less = exothermic
More = endothermic
Emission line spectrum
When the element is heated, the electrons absorb a specific frequency of light and jump from ground state to excited state. Higher states are unstable and when they come back down. They emit the same frequency absorbed.
How does carbon conduct electricity
Each carbon forms 3 covalent bonds. The fourth valence electron is delocalised, constituting mobile charge, therefore being an electrical conductor.
Why doesn’t diamond conduct electricity
Each carbon atom in diamond forms 4 covalent bonds to other carbon atoms. No mobile change, therefore diamond cannot conduct electricity.
Isotope
Chemical elements that in which the atoms have the same number of protons, but different number of electrons.
Ion
An atom that has gained or lost electrons
Buckyballs
- Large molecules
Why do metals have relatively high boiling points
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between postive metal ions.
The sea of delocalised electrons hold the metallic lattice together
Why are metals good conductors of electricity
Free moving delocalised electrons will move towards a positive electrode.
Why are metals malleable and ductile
When a force causes metal ions to move past each other, layers of ions are still held together by the delocalised electrons between them.
Why does NaCl not conduct electricity in solid state
No free moving charged particles are present in solid sodium chloride.
Why does NaCl conduct electricity in molten state
Free moving charged particles (delocalised electrons) are present in molten sodium chloride.
Further uses of AAS
Food and drink analysis
Nanomaterial
Materials that contain particles in the size range 1-100 nm
How can mass spectrometry be used to determine isotopic composition
- Atoms of the element are ionised and accelerated.
- Ions are deflected by magnetic field
