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Tropical Island Ecology > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 different types of water sources

A

Surface water and groundwater

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2
Q

Describe watersheds

A
  • Everyone lives in a watershed
  • Watersheds drain into a receiving body of water
  • Receiving bodies can be streams, ponds, lakes, rivers, or oceans
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3
Q

Describe the challenges with water health

A
  • Half of all hospital beds in the world are full of people who are sick from dirty water
  • The average distance women travel to collect water in Africa and Asia is roughly 4 miles.
  • 3.4 million people die each year from a water-related disease
  • 1 in 8 people lack a safe source of water
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4
Q

How do water treatment plants work?

A

1) Water comes from lakes, rivers, etc to the plant
2) Coagulation: special compounds remove the dirt particles from the water.
3) Sedimentation
4) Filtration
5) Disinfection
6) Water goes from tower to your home

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5
Q

Describe how water quality standards are regulated

A

Drinking water must meet state and federal regulations before it goes into the distribution system

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6
Q

What is water tested for before it reaches your home?

A

Bacteria, pH, alkalinity, calcium, chlorine, nitrate, color, turbidity, etc

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7
Q

Why is water tested before it reaches your home?

A

To improve public health protection by reducing fecal pathogens to minimal levels through control of total coliform bacteria, including fecal coliforms and E. Coli.

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8
Q

Describe the distribution system for water

A
  • Water mains deliver water from the treatment plant to homes and businesses.
  • Trace amounts of chlorine must be present even in the furthest part of the distribution system.
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9
Q

Describe the chemistry problems with water pipes

A
  • When the pH is high in the water, scaling of the cast iron pipes can occur
  • When the pH is low, corrosion of pipes can occur
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10
Q

The average American uses ___ gallons of water every day; the poorest countries use less than _____

A

88; 5

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11
Q

Water ______ calculate the water you use so that you can be charged

A

meters

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12
Q

Describe how septic tanks work

A

Sewage enters via a pipe from the house, and wastewater flows out through a pipe to a drainfield

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13
Q

Describe the screening stage of wastewater management

A

-Screens trap “big stuff” like diapers, trash, etc

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14
Q

What are the four main factors affecting species richness and diversity?

A

Latitude, habitat size, time, distance from other communities

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15
Q

True or false: regarding queen conch, fishing practices tend to remove an assortment of individuals of different sizes, ages, and levels of reproductive fitness

A

False

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16
Q

Blue carbon refers to the carbon dioxide absorption by ______

A

seagrass beds

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17
Q

In the Bahamas, the substrate is made up of:

A

Limestone

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18
Q

True or false: Tall canopy trees are abundant throughout the bahamas

A

False

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19
Q

True or false: Over geologic time, reefs have been comprised of sponges, algae, and corals

A

True

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20
Q

What force has the greatest influence on tides?

A

Moon

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21
Q

What are the limiting factors for coral?

A

Warm sea temperatures, high light, and low turbidity

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22
Q

Hurricanes can positively impact mangroves by delivering __________

A

phosphorus

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23
Q

Based on island biogeography theory, what type of island has the most species?

A

Large and near

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24
Q

Climate in the Bahamas archipelago has ___ distinct seasons

A

2 distinct seasons: summer and winter

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25
Q

Common disturbances in the bahamas are:

A

Fires and hurricanes

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26
Q

Before 1973, the Bahamas was:

A

A British colony

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27
Q

True or false: San Salvador has about 1,000 residents

A

True

28
Q

Scientific names established by Linnaeus are in what language?

A

Latin

29
Q

San Salvador has nuisance insects such as what?

A

Mosquitos, roaches, and no-see-ums

30
Q

Name the taxonomic domains

A

Eukarya, archaea, and prokarya

31
Q

Kenny the woodcarver on San Salvador makes his carvings out of:

A

Wild tamarind

32
Q

Organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have cell walls of chitin are in the kingdom:

A

Fungi

33
Q

The kingdom that is made up of organisms that don’t fit elsewhere (heterotrophic, autotrophic, plant-like, animal-like)

A

Protista

34
Q

What is the correct sequence of the levels of taxonomy (from big to small)?

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

35
Q

True or false: Archaea and bacteria have eukaryotic cells

A

False

36
Q

True or false: In the Bahamas archipelago, species started colonizing the land masses once they re-emerged during Pleistocene ice ages

A

True

37
Q

Which group of organisms are better represented in island faunas because of colonization opportunities?

A

Insects, birds, and bats

38
Q

Invertebrates that are multicellular but without tissues are ______

A

sponges

39
Q

True or false: Reefs fouled by plastic are more likely to be diseased

A

True

40
Q

Which group of seaweeds (algae) have the greatest number of species?

A

Red algae

41
Q

Feather duster worms and fire worms are examples of the Phylum _______

A

Annelida

42
Q

Which of the following is NOT a class of the Phylum Mollusca?

a) arthropoda
b) gastropoda
c) cephalopoda
d) polyplacaphora

A

Arthropoda

The classes of Mollusca are: Gastropoda, Polyplacaphora, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda

43
Q

Are queen conch in the Bahamas endangered, abundant, or extinct?

A

Endangered

44
Q

Porites, which look similar to brain coral but with holes instead of lines, are a part of phylum ________.

A

Cnidaria

45
Q

Brain coral are a part of phylum ______

A

Cnidaria

46
Q

Porifera (sponges) look like fuzzy sticks and oddly shaped rocks and are a part of _________.

A

animalia

47
Q

Tube worms look like straws and are a part of phylum _______.

A

Annelida

48
Q

Star fish are a part of phylum _______

A

enchinodermata

49
Q

Sea urchins and sea biscuits are a part of phylum ______

A

enchinodermata

50
Q

_______ have unique flower-shaped leaf-like structures, and they are a part of _________.

A

Halimeda; plantae/protista

51
Q

__________ looks like a fluffy dried-out paint brush and are a part of phylum _________.

A

Penicillus; chlorophyta

52
Q

__________ looks like a leafy mushroom and is a part of phylum _________

A

Udotea; chlorophyta

53
Q

What 4 things looked at in lab are a part of phylum Chlorophyta?

A

Penicillus, halimeda, udotea, and caulerpa

54
Q

_______ specimens look like dried weeds and it is a part of phylum ________

A

Caulerpa; chlorophyta

55
Q

________ are single-celled organisms (protists) that have shells

A

Forams

56
Q

Phylum chlorophyta are better known as ________ macroalgae

A

green macroalgae

57
Q

What 4 things looked at in lab are a part of phylum enchinodermata?

A

Sea biscuit, star fish, sand dollar, and sea urchin

58
Q

Is a ‘polyp’ the sessile or swimming stage in a Cnidarian life cycle?

A

sessile (they can’t swim)

59
Q

What are zooxanthellae?

A

Algae that have a symbiotic relationship with coral

60
Q

Describe Sargassum fluitans (brown seaweed species)

A

Has defined leaves, golden brown, and has round floats/ bladders on the stems

61
Q

Name the red seaweeds shown in lab

A

Neogonelithon

62
Q

What do Arthropods have to do before they can grow bigger?

A

Shed their exoskeleton

63
Q

What is an organ that mollusks have but cnidarians don’t?

A

A radula

64
Q

Fuzzy chiton are a part of the class _______, which is a part of phylum _________

A

polyplacaphora; mollusca

65
Q

West Indian Top Shells are a part of the class _______, which is a part of phylum _________.

A

gastropod; mollusca

Tropical Island Ecology (6 decks)

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