Exam Flashcards
List 2 different types of water sources
Surface water and groundwater
Describe watersheds
- Everyone lives in a watershed
- Watersheds drain into a receiving body of water
- Receiving bodies can be streams, ponds, lakes, rivers, or oceans
Describe the challenges with water health
- Half of all hospital beds in the world are full of people who are sick from dirty water
- The average distance women travel to collect water in Africa and Asia is roughly 4 miles.
- 3.4 million people die each year from a water-related disease
- 1 in 8 people lack a safe source of water
How do water treatment plants work?
1) Water comes from lakes, rivers, etc to the plant
2) Coagulation: special compounds remove the dirt particles from the water.
3) Sedimentation
4) Filtration
5) Disinfection
6) Water goes from tower to your home
Describe how water quality standards are regulated
Drinking water must meet state and federal regulations before it goes into the distribution system
What is water tested for before it reaches your home?
Bacteria, pH, alkalinity, calcium, chlorine, nitrate, color, turbidity, etc
Why is water tested before it reaches your home?
To improve public health protection by reducing fecal pathogens to minimal levels through control of total coliform bacteria, including fecal coliforms and E. Coli.
Describe the distribution system for water
- Water mains deliver water from the treatment plant to homes and businesses.
- Trace amounts of chlorine must be present even in the furthest part of the distribution system.
Describe the chemistry problems with water pipes
- When the pH is high in the water, scaling of the cast iron pipes can occur
- When the pH is low, corrosion of pipes can occur
The average American uses ___ gallons of water every day; the poorest countries use less than _____
88; 5
Water ______ calculate the water you use so that you can be charged
meters
Describe how septic tanks work
Sewage enters via a pipe from the house, and wastewater flows out through a pipe to a drainfield
Describe the screening stage of wastewater management
-Screens trap “big stuff” like diapers, trash, etc
What are the four main factors affecting species richness and diversity?
Latitude, habitat size, time, distance from other communities
True or false: regarding queen conch, fishing practices tend to remove an assortment of individuals of different sizes, ages, and levels of reproductive fitness
False
Blue carbon refers to the carbon dioxide absorption by ______
seagrass beds
In the Bahamas, the substrate is made up of:
Limestone
True or false: Tall canopy trees are abundant throughout the bahamas
False
True or false: Over geologic time, reefs have been comprised of sponges, algae, and corals
True
What force has the greatest influence on tides?
Moon
What are the limiting factors for coral?
Warm sea temperatures, high light, and low turbidity
Hurricanes can positively impact mangroves by delivering __________
phosphorus
Based on island biogeography theory, what type of island has the most species?
Large and near
Climate in the Bahamas archipelago has ___ distinct seasons
2 distinct seasons: summer and winter
Common disturbances in the bahamas are:
Fires and hurricanes
Before 1973, the Bahamas was:
A British colony
True or false: San Salvador has about 1,000 residents
True
Scientific names established by Linnaeus are in what language?
Latin
San Salvador has nuisance insects such as what?
Mosquitos, roaches, and no-see-ums
Name the taxonomic domains
Eukarya, archaea, and prokarya
Kenny the woodcarver on San Salvador makes his carvings out of:
Wild tamarind
Organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have cell walls of chitin are in the kingdom:
Fungi
The kingdom that is made up of organisms that don’t fit elsewhere (heterotrophic, autotrophic, plant-like, animal-like)
Protista
What is the correct sequence of the levels of taxonomy (from big to small)?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
True or false: Archaea and bacteria have eukaryotic cells
False
True or false: In the Bahamas archipelago, species started colonizing the land masses once they re-emerged during Pleistocene ice ages
True
Which group of organisms are better represented in island faunas because of colonization opportunities?
Insects, birds, and bats
Invertebrates that are multicellular but without tissues are ______
sponges
True or false: Reefs fouled by plastic are more likely to be diseased
True
Which group of seaweeds (algae) have the greatest number of species?
Red algae
Feather duster worms and fire worms are examples of the Phylum _______
Annelida
Which of the following is NOT a class of the Phylum Mollusca?
a) arthropoda
b) gastropoda
c) cephalopoda
d) polyplacaphora
Arthropoda
The classes of Mollusca are: Gastropoda, Polyplacaphora, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda
Are queen conch in the Bahamas endangered, abundant, or extinct?
Endangered
Porites, which look similar to brain coral but with holes instead of lines, are a part of phylum ________.
Cnidaria
Brain coral are a part of phylum ______
Cnidaria
Porifera (sponges) look like fuzzy sticks and oddly shaped rocks and are a part of _________.
animalia
Tube worms look like straws and are a part of phylum _______.
Annelida
Star fish are a part of phylum _______
enchinodermata
Sea urchins and sea biscuits are a part of phylum ______
enchinodermata
_______ have unique flower-shaped leaf-like structures, and they are a part of _________.
Halimeda; plantae/protista
__________ looks like a fluffy dried-out paint brush and are a part of phylum _________.
Penicillus; chlorophyta
__________ looks like a leafy mushroom and is a part of phylum _________
Udotea; chlorophyta
What 4 things looked at in lab are a part of phylum Chlorophyta?
Penicillus, halimeda, udotea, and caulerpa
_______ specimens look like dried weeds and it is a part of phylum ________
Caulerpa; chlorophyta
________ are single-celled organisms (protists) that have shells
Forams
Phylum chlorophyta are better known as ________ macroalgae
green macroalgae
What 4 things looked at in lab are a part of phylum enchinodermata?
Sea biscuit, star fish, sand dollar, and sea urchin
Is a ‘polyp’ the sessile or swimming stage in a Cnidarian life cycle?
sessile (they can’t swim)
What are zooxanthellae?
Algae that have a symbiotic relationship with coral
Describe Sargassum fluitans (brown seaweed species)
Has defined leaves, golden brown, and has round floats/ bladders on the stems
Name the red seaweeds shown in lab
Neogonelithon
What do Arthropods have to do before they can grow bigger?
Shed their exoskeleton
What is an organ that mollusks have but cnidarians don’t?
A radula
Fuzzy chiton are a part of the class _______, which is a part of phylum _________
polyplacaphora; mollusca
West Indian Top Shells are a part of the class _______, which is a part of phylum _________.
gastropod; mollusca
