Exam 1 WK2 Flashcards
Define asset mapping in community health
-document a community’s existing resources
-incorporating asset(strengths) into community development
-Promotes collaboration
Why should we identify community assets?
Be aware or gain access to available resources that can be benefit their lives
Knowing community strengths makes it easier to understand what community needs
3 levels of asset
Level 1
Individual (you are the asset)
Specific skills
Individual businesses
Cultural groups
3 levels of asset
Level 2
Organizations
Localized citizens associations
(clubs, religious, volunteer agencies, etc.)
where community members pursue a common goal
3 levels of asset
Level 3
Institutions
libraries, local governments
School, hospitals
Diffrence between asset based and needs based approach to community
Needs
-things people want, desire, or feel necessary
Assets
-things people are proud of, have in hand, or consider strengths.
Purpose of Asset Mapping
Approach to identify strengths (assets) rather than weaknesses of a community
Goal of Asset Mapping
Engage, understand, mobilize a community to focus on capacity building around a common goal.
Asset Assessment Assumptions
Assumes that each community organization, group, and individual adds assets to the community.
Assumes groups have common goals and/or purpose.
Description of vulnerable population
at risk for poor health outcome
Subpopulations with higher mortality/morbidity
Limited and less access to healthcare
Who are vulnerabele populations?
Poor
Elderly, children
Race
Chronic illness
Mental illness
Disability
Alcohol and substance abuse
Familial abuse
Homelessness
Suicide and homicide risk
High-risk mothers and infant
Immigrants and refugess
What is relative risk?
3 Related concepts
Resource availability
Relative risk
Health status
A lack of resources influences what?
inc population’s exposure to risk factors
reduces individuals’ ability to avoid illness
What are relative risk?
Exposure to risk factors identified
(e.g. diet, exercise, use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, sexual
behaviors)
Stressful events
(crime, violence, abuse, firearm use)
Ex: in populations of single-parent female-headed homes in poverty with little or no
access to social programs, violence and homicide are more prevalent
e) What is social capital?
Share resources
Be helpful and build trust
Marital status
Family structure
ties and networks
organizations (church, clubs, etc.)
Human capital
Investment in individuals’ capabilities and skills
Education
Job training
What is the social gradient of health?
low social status=Poor=poor heal
Lowest levels of income/pay have poorest health
social determinants of health and give examples
Stable income
Job security
Enviroment equality
Discrimination
Affortable health care
Educational opportunity
Housing
a) Ethnocentrism?
b) Ethnorelativism?
a) Belief/feeling that one’s own culture is best=BAD
b) Seeing all behavior in a cultural context=ideal
Why do we need a cultural assessment in nursing?
Nurse should never generalize=avoid stereotyping
avoid ethocentrisum
To better understand
Motivates the patient’s and family’s choices
How can we increase our cultural awareness?
Self-awareness
-recognizing the beliefs, and practices that make up one’s own culture
-Verbal and nonverbal communication patterns
Pt’s culture identify
-expected pt’s cultural practices or behaviors
-includes LGBT
Culture
Beliefs, values & behavior found in all societies, shared by members
Tells us what is acceptable and not acceptable.
Culture is learned(and Knowledge)
a) race
b) ethnicity(民族性)
a) Biologically designated groups of people
skin color, are inherited
b) people who have common origins and a shared culture and identity
may share common race, language, traditions, values, and food
Ethnocentrism in health care setting
Home remedies
Herbalism
OTC drug
Diet therapies
Gastrointestinal treatments
What is anintegrated culture?
when people from a culture adopt the essence of another culture, while maintaining their own culture.
How can we increase our cultural awareness?
Being sensitive to cultural diffrences as you focus on individual patientsm their needs and thier preferences
Self-awareness
-avoid stereotypeing cultures
Cultural awareness
-recognizing the values, beliefs that influence their health
Cultural encounter
-show respect and learn
Try to understand the patient’s point of view
Listen, observe, and gradually learn the other culture
Cognitive leaning
stage(thinking process)
Knowledge
-recall basic facts
Understand
-Combines remembering with understanding
Apply
-Transfer understanding into practice
Analysis
Breaks down material into parts
Evaluation
Validate(check) information
Create
Produce new or original work
Knowles’ Adult Learning
Theory
4 characteristics of adult
learners
Self-directed
Experience
Eager to learn
Need to learn
Lewin’s Stages of Change
First phases
Unfreezing
People are motivated to change
Need clear direction
Ex: family requests help in solving an alcoholism problem;
Define SMART goals
S Specific
M Measurable
A Actionable
R Realistic
T Timebound
Teaching-Learning Principles
Client Readiness
-readiness(availability,winningness)
Client perceptions
Educational environment
Client participation
Subject relevance
Client satisfaction
Purpose of the McKenny-Vento Act
added homeless children and youth
15 programs to addresses major needs of homeless:
Emergency shelter
Transitional/permanent housing
Job training
Primary health care
Education
Housing
