Exam 1 WK1 Flashcards
Community health is?
Identification of needs,protection and improvement of collective health within a geographically defined area(specific area)
interact with individuals and families
Public health?
Broader concept
The sience and art of precenting disease,prolonging life,
promotong heath through the organizationana efforts
intract with entire populations
What is population-based approach?
An approach aimed at improving the health of an entire population. It is about improving the physical and mental health outcomes and wellbeing of people
difine different types and exmaple
a) Geographic Community?
b) example?
a) defined by its geographic boundaries
b) City, town, neighborhood
a) Common interest community, example?
a) Members of a church（Catholic, Buddhist), professional organization(group), LGBTQ,cancer survivors
a) Community of solution?
b) Example?
a) a group of people who come together to solve a problem that affects all of them
b) A water pollution problem, neighborhood watch program
What is population-health focused nursing practice?
-Optimal well-being or high levels of wellness to all ages and all different race
-Achieve access to preventive services for everyone
a) Primary prevention?
b) Example?
a)P=prevention
Keep illness or injury from occurring
Target is well population
b) Education
Vaccinations
encouraging older people to install and use safety devices to prevent falls
Teaching or instruction
a) Secondary prevention?
b) Example?
a) S=screening
early detection
modifies,removes or treats them before a problen becomes more serious
b) Self-exam brast and testicular
Encourage wieght lose to prevent DM
Refer pt who has high BS
a) Tertiary prevention?
b) Examples?
a) T=treatmetn
prevent get worse
b) Treatment and rehabilitation
supoprt groups
Community health nursing
waht focus?
a) individual pt→
b) acute setting→
c) specific age group→
d) episodic health care needs→
e) diseases/illness→
f) tertiary level→
a) aggregates/population
b) community settings
c) all age group
d) continuous health care
e) wellness,promotion, prevention
f) primary
What is the difference between community-oriented and community-based nursing practice?
Community-oriented nursing practice=public health nurse care
NO illness care!!
health promotion and disease prevention in the community. No direct care for individuals!
Community-based nursing practice
“illness care” of individuals and families across the life span in the community
School nurse,home health
C/PHN
a) who is the target?
b) What is the goal?
c) Which prevention is forcusing?
a) Community-based and population-focused
b) wellness,promotion, prevention
c) Primary
History
Early home care(before mid-1800s)
a) focus?
b) to who?
c) service emphasis?
a) sick poor
b) individuals
religious and charitable group
c)Reduce suffering
curative
History
District nursing(1860-1900)
a) focus?
b) to who?
c) service emphasis?
a) sick poor
b) individuals,impoverish population
c) curative
beginning of organized home visiting
History
Public Health nursing(1900-1970)
a) focus?
b) to who?
c) service emphasis?
a) Needy public(poor)
b) Families
not just poor people
c) curative,preventive
first nurse to manage TB
History
Community Health nursing(1970-present)
a) focus?
b) to who?
c) service emphasis?
a) total community
b) populations;illness,prevention
c) health promotion;practice
Florence Nightingale
What she is known for?
Who was often called the Black Nightingale
-changed perceptions of women as nurses
-Served a war as a nurse
-pioneered the use of statistics to change practice
(gathering data)
-Mary Seacole
Worked with Nightingale in Crimean War
Lilian Wald
What she is known for?
First used the term public health nurseing
First to suggest nurses in schools
Henry Street Settlement 1893
Provide nursing and welfare services
Margaret Sanger
What is she known for?
Comstock Act of 1873
1st birth control clinic in America
International Planned Parenthood Federation
(to ensure people are free to make choices about their sexuality and wellbeing, in a world free from discrimination)
what are the 3 core public health functions?
Assessment
Policy development
Assurance
10 Essential Services of Public health
Assessment
-community assessment to determine levels of health and illness in community and population
investigate+ diagnose
-Check lead levels at school at risk
-Offer DM screening in the Native American community
Policy development
Communicate effectively and education (talk people about)
-educate the factor will influence
-teach first-time parents how to care for a baby
Mobilize communities partnerships
-to create more equitable access to health-protecting resources within communities
-develop a network of community services for elderly people within the community
8 subsystems of the community
a) Physical environment
b) Education
a) air quality, flora? housing? Open space and how do they use the space?
animals, people?
b) Are there schools in the area? libraries?
What are major educational issues? What are the dropout rates?
A school nurse? After school program?
The Betty Neuman model
Normal line of defense?
What is the bacis the area
Level (measurement) of health the community has reached over time
High rate of immunity
Low infant mortality
Middle-income level
High rate of graduates from college
A flexible line of defense(buffer zone)?
temporarily response to a stressor
during flu season, Metro Health adds more immunization clinics, longer hours and weekend times to ensure the accessibility of flu vaccines for the entire community.
Food
Clean water after a natural diseaster
Lines of resistance (strengths)?
Strength of community
Internal mechanisms that act to defend against stressors
(something happens community won’t function so it needs resistance)
-: VIA public transportation, police department, community center,after school
What is the difference between a flexible line of defense and lines of resistance?
A flexible line of defense is temporary while lines of resistance exist throughout each of the eight subsystems and it always represents a strength that the community has. So think of the line of resistance as a strength within the community.
