Exam 1 practice WK2 Flashcards
A research project, involving diabetes prevention through a nutritional education program, is being planned by a nurse who wants to make an impact on vulnerable populations. Which concept of vulnerability is the nurse primarily trying to affect?
Primary prevention
Resource availability
Relative risk
Health status
Relative risk
Rationale:
Relative risk refers to exposure to risk factors identified by a substantial body of research such as lifestyles, behaviors, and choices (i.e., diet). Resource availability would not be affected by health education. Health status is the current state of health and not affected by education. Primary prevention would include education to the general population because this is a vulnerable population, it would not be considered primary prevention.
A 15-year-old client, from a family living in poverty, delivers a 5-pound 7-ounce baby at term. This is an example of:
social determinants of health.
socioeconomic gradient.
health disparities.
differential vulnerability.
socioeconomic gradient.
Rationale:
the inverse relationship between social class or income and health. Lower social classes or incomes have increased incidence of health issues, including low birth weight babies. Health disparities are inequities between populations; social determinants of health are conditions people are born and grow up in. Differential vulnerability is differences in vulnerability related to social class and other factors.
Which situation would be the most difficult when applying the differential vulnerability hypothesis?
Divorce for a college professor
The loss of job for a college professor
Death of a mother for an employed woman
Divorce for an unemployed woman
Divorce for an unemployed woman
Rationale:
The differential vulnerability hypothesis premise is “negative or stressful events hurt some people more than others.” Research shows that low socioeconomic status groups are more adversely affected by these events than higher socioeconomic status groups. Divorce for an unemployed woman makes her more vulnerable than the other situations.
What is Health disparities?
Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health outcome
A nurse is evaluating the vulnerability of the community the health care organization serves. Which best summarizes why many factors of vulnerability are assessed?
Complex factors are easier to interpret.
Multiple factors can promote a variety of different program development by the health care organization.
Multiple factors provide additional assessments that would not have used before.
Complex interactions among the factors impact multiple determinants of health.
Complex interactions among the factors impact multiple determinants of health.
Rationale:Root causes of vulnerability, such as low socioeconomic status (SES), lack of insurance coverage, racism, and discrimination, have been widely researched. The exact weight of the interaction of these causes has been difficult to ascertain. The current approach to understanding the complex interrelationships among the causes and factors related to vulnerability is to examine multiple determinants of health.
A community health nurse has been working with a population of men with HIV/AIDS. Which statement regarding this population is true?
Many with HIV/AIDS have higher than average income.
They are at higher risk for homelessness.
The Heath Care for the Homeless model does not assist this population.
The prevalence of HIV among homeless is less than the general population
The community health nurse is planning an educational program for resident adults at the homeless shelter in the community. For which group should the nurse focus the program’s topic?
Single adult men
Widowed older men
Single parent women
Widowed older women
During a home visit, the nurse identifies that a family is experiencing a developmental crisis. What did the nurse assess in this family?
a) The farm’s well water is no longer safe for the infant to drink
b) Inability to cope with caring for an aging family member who recently moved into the home
c) Husband laid off from work because of problems with alcohol and substance abuse
d) Hospitalization for injuries sustained in a motor vehicle crash
b
Rationale:
A developmental crisis is one that is a part of normal growth and development and is precipitated by a life transition point. The need to care for an aging parent in the home is an example of a developmental crisis. A required hospitalization, being laid off from work because of alcohol and substance abuse, and well water contamination are all situational crises.
The nurse is helping a family work through the trauma of a situational crisis. Which secondary prevention strategy would the nurse use at this time?
a) Instruct on normal growth and development life transition points.
b) Explore ways for the family to cope with the crisis.
c) Evaluate the success of implemented coping strategies.
d) Teach strategies to avoid health crises in the future.
b
Rationale:
A secondary prevention strategy would be implemented after the crisis occurred. The strategy that would be most applicable after a situational crisis would be to explore ways for the family to cope with the crisis. Instructing on life transition points and teaching strategies to avoid health crises in the future are examples of primary prevention strategies. Evaluating the success of implemented coping strategies is a tertiary prevention strategy.
The community nurse is concerned that the children of one family are experiencing neglect. What did the nurse most likely observe in these children? SATA
a) The children are not in car seats appropriate for age and weight.
b) The children are left in an unlocked car while the parent runs into the grocery store.
c) The children are not wearing shoes in the winter.
d) The children are fighting with other children in the neighborhood.
e) The children are dirty.
