Exam 1 week 1

Question 1

What are the three major domains of psychology?

Answer 1

Cognition
Behavior
Emotion

Question 2

what is the basic definition of leaning as used in this class?

Answer 2

a hypothetical process which produces a relativelt permanent change in behavior, cognition, or emotion as a result of experience

Question 3

how is a stimulus defined?

Answer 3

energy that contacts a sensory organ and produces a physiological or behavioral reaction in an organism

Question 4

what is the difference between a stimulus and a response?

Answer 4

Stimulus: energy that contacts sensory organ
Response: an organism reaction

Question 5

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

Answer 5

Sensation: physical energy acting on a sense organ
Perception: interpretation (meaning) of sensory input

Question 6

What are the major sensory receptors?

Answer 6

Hear
Smell
Taste
Feel
See

Question 7

What is the difference between the distal, proximal, and perceived stimulus?

Answer 7

DISTAL: a stimulus that is in the external environment, the contact
PROXIMAL: close or direct proximity to contact
PERCIEVED: your thought process because triggered by a memory.

Question 8

Why doesn’t perception accurately reflect the real-world stimulus environment?

Answer 8

Stimulus is filtering, has selective perception, has illusions, and hallucinations

Question 9

How does expectation and hypnosis alter our perception of pain?

Answer 9

When under hypnosis, we are in a mesmerizing state where we can alter our thought process. Therefore things can be little to no pain when under hypnosis, while things can be very painful because we are expecting them to be.

Question 10

Name the five perceptual systems. What is the function of each of these systems?

Answer 10

Haptic: exploring (recognizing through touch)
Auditory: hearing things and also where they come from
Savory: taste and smell
Visual: see colors. Detect motion
Orientation: inner ear, allow you to orient yourself in space if you are spinning

Question 11

How does the brain cope with vast amounts of incomplete and confusing sensory information?

Answer 11

the brain filters everything

Question 12

What are the major differences between the behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning?

Answer 12

Behavioral: What we do:
-association between stimuli and responses study observable behavior
-study observable behavior
-Radical: ignore conscious experience and internal processes
-Methodological: infer internal events from behavior (dreams)
Cognitive:What we know
-mind versus brain
-mental processes: conscious and unconscious internal operations

Question 13

Natural selection

Answer 13

organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Question 14

sensitization

Answer 14

state of being sensitive

Question 15

reflex

Answer 15

an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought.

Question 16

voluntary response

Answer 16

Mediated by the somatic nervouse system

• bodily orientation
• approach responses
• avoidance responses
• cooperation behavior

Question 17

Sensory receptors (touch, pain, vision)

Answer 17

sense organ: an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation

Question 18

Peripheral

Answer 18

situated on the edge of something

Question 19

Selective attention

Answer 19

the capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously.

Question 20

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 20

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. (involuntary) PNS

Question 21

Central nervous system

Answer 21

the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Question 22

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

PNS–Autonomic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels (stress)

Question 23

Somatic nervous system

Answer 23

part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles, and with reception of external stimuli, which helps keep the body in touch with its surroundings (voluntary)

Question 24

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

PNS–AUtonomic:

stimulates digestive secretions; slows the heart; constricts the pupils; dilates blood vessels (peace)

Question 25

bottom up processing

Answer 25

percieved elements starting with smaller, more fine details then building upward until we have a solid representation of it in our minds

Question 26

mutuation

Answer 26

changing of structure

Question 27

habituation

Answer 27

reduced sensitivity through repeated stimulation

Question 28

modal action pattern

Answer 28

series of interrelated responses (instincts) produced by a releaser stimulant

• bird migration
• web spinning
• maternal instinct
• courtship/dating

Question 29

involuntary response

Answer 29

meditated by the autonomic nervous system

Reflex: automatic reaction to a specific stimulus

Question 30

visual adaption

Answer 30

ability to adapt vision to night or day

Question 31

perceptual test

Answer 31

A general reference to any of many instruments and procedures used to evaluate varied aspects of sensory functioning, including aspects of sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste, and balance

Question 32

top down processing

Answer 32

Start with understanding large concepts then break it down to understanding smaller concepts.

Question 33

Give examples of the four types of response measures (changes) in learning research? How are each different?

Answer 33

change in form
change in frequency
change in strangth
change in speed