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PSYC304 > Exam 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Exam 1 Vocab Flashcards

Chapters 2, 3, 15

1
Q

Phrenology

A

pseudoscience, study of bumps on head and personality

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2
Q

Broca’s Area

A

used to produce speech

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3
Q

Phineas Gage

A

injured prefrontal cortex, change in personality

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4
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system, brain & spinal cord

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5
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system, sensory organs & nerves

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6
Q

Dorsal vs Ventral

A

top vs bottom

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7
Q

Anterior vs Posterior

A

front vs back

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8
Q

Superior vs Inferior

A

top vs bottom

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9
Q

Lateral vs Medial

A

side vs middle

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10
Q

Contralateral vs Ipsilateral

A

opposite side of body vs same side

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11
Q

Coronal, Sagittal, Horizontal,

A

parallel to face, parallel to midline between hemispheres, parallel to ground

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12
Q

Meninges

A

membranes between brain & skull

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13
Q

Dura Mater

A

tough outer layer of meninges

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14
Q

Arachnoid Membrane

A

middle membrane of meninges

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15
Q

Pia Mater

A

innermost layer of meninges, touching brain, small blood vessels

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16
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

between arachnoid and pia mater, holds CSF

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17
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

2 largest ventricles, one in each brain hemisphere

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18
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

connects third and fourth ventricle

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19
Q

Third Ventricle

A

on midline of brain, connects lateral

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20
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A

connected to third ventricle via cerebral aqueduct, near bottom of brain

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21
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

tissue that makes CSF

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22
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

fluid that brain contents float in, flow from lateral, third, fourth ventricles to subarachnoid space

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23
Q

Arachnoid Granulations

A

reabsorb CSF from subarachnoid space into blood supply

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24
Q

Obstructive Hydrocephalus

A

when CSF flow is blocked, CSF build up in ventricles make walls expand and cause blood vessel/brain damage

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25
Q

Forebrain

A

contains telencephalon & diencephalon

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26
Q

Midbrain

A

contains mesencephalon

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27
Q

Hindbrain

A

contains metencephalon and myelencephalon

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28
Q

Telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system

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29
Q

Diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

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30
Q

Gray Matter

A

cell bodies

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31
Q

White Matter

A

axons

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32
Q

Sulcus

A

groove in surface of brain

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33
Q

Gyrus

A

ridge between grooves in surface of brain

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34
Q

Fissure

A

deeper grooves in surface of brain, if split open can remove chunks of brain

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35
Q

Lateral Fissure

A

between temporal and frontal lobe

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36
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

between hemispheres

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37
Q

Central Sulcus

A

between frontal and parietal lobe

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38
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

rostral to central sulcus, location of primary motor cortex

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39
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

caudal to central sulcus, location of primary somatosensory cortex

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40
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

contralateral control of muscles, sections of tissue in charge of certain body parts

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41
Q

Primary Sensory Cortex

A

contralateral touch info, sections of tissue in charge of certain body parts

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42
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

visual info from eyes, in occipital lobe

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43
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

A

auditory info, in temporal lobe

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44
Q

Primary Cortex vs Association Cortex

A

where sensory info is collected in brain vs where sensory info is analyzed

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45
Q

Four Lobes

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

46
Q

Cingulate Gyrus

A

raw emotion (pain, disgust)

47
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connect/communication between right and left hemispheres

48
Q

Anterior Commissure

A

memory & communication, where contralateral nerves cross sides

49
Q

Split-Brain

A

cut corpus collosum, treatment for seizures, hemispheres can’t communicate

50
Q

Thalamus

A

sorts info to correct cortex

51
Q

Hypothalamus

A

messages pituitary gland, autonomic nervous system and endocrine system, survival needs

52
Q

Tectum

A

superior and inferior colliculi

53
Q

Tegmentum

A

subconscious/reflexes, prevents unwanted movement

54
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

under pineal body, visual system, reflexes

55
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

under superior colliculi, auditory system

56
Q

Periaqueductal Gray

A

cell bodies around cerebral aqueduct, pain

57
Q

Cerebral Peduncles

A

fiber bundles between cerebellum and cerebral cortex, communication

58
Q

Pons

A

sleep, arousal, communication w/ cerebellum

59
Q

Medulla

A

vital functions/reflexes (respiration, skeletal muscle, etc.

60
Q

Brainstem

A

connects cerebrum and spinal cord

61
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordinates movements

62
Q

Cerebellar Peduncles

A

bundles of axons, attach cerebellum to pons

63
Q

Optic Nerve

A

transmits visual info

64
Q

Olfactory Bulb

A

round bulb tissue, cells for smell

65
Q

Olfactory Tract

A

connect olfactory bulb to cerebral cortex

66
Q

Spinal Cord

A

distribute motor fibers/somatosensory info

67
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

bundle of nerves, sensory info to PNS

68
Q

Autonomic System

A

non-conscious activities

69
Q

Somatic System

A

conscious activities

70
Q

Sympathetic System

A

fight or flight, increased blood flow, etc.

71
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

return to homeostasis

72
Q

Neural Plate

A

flat plane of neuron cells

73
Q

Neural Groove

A

dip in the middle of neural plate, eventually turns into tube

74
Q

Ventricular Zone

A

outside wall of neural tube, where progenitor cells divide

75
Q

Subventricular Zone

A

away from VZ, more progenitor cells divide

76
Q

Proliferation

A

cell division

77
Q

Differentiation

A

stem cells divide into specialized cell

78
Q

Migration

A

cell move to correct location, form outside brain

79
Q

Progenitor Cells

A

stem cells that produce brain cells

80
Q

Neuroblast

A

form middle mantle layer of neural tube

81
Q

Symmetrical Division

A

divide into identical cells

82
Q

Asymmetrical Division

A

divide into different cells

83
Q

Radial Glial Cells

A

cells that guide stem cells to correct location in brain development

84
Q

Neurogenesis

A

new neurons form in brain

85
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

form new synapses

86
Q

Apoptosis

A

preprogrammed cell death

87
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

brain removes neurons/synapses that aren’t needed

88
Q

Neuron

A

brain cell, sends information to

89
Q

Soma

A

cell body of neuron

90
Q

Dendrite

A

branches from soma, intake neurotransmitters

91
Q

Dendritic Spine

A

bumps where dendrite receives signal

92
Q

Axon

A

leads signal from cell body to terminal

93
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

fatty insulation for axon

94
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

gaps between segments of myelin sheath, increase speed of signal

95
Q

Presynaptic Terminal

A

terminal that releases signal to synapse

96
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

pick up sensory info from sensory organs, send to CNS

97
Q

Interneuron

A

neuron between motor and sensory neurons in spinal cord

98
Q

Motor Neuron

A

enact motor behaviors in muscles from CNS

99
Q

Withdrawal Reflex

A

sensory neuron sends signal to spinal cord, motor neuron, moves in reflex

100
Q

Golgi Stain

A

stain brain tissue, see some neurons, discovered by golgi

101
Q

Axoplasmic Transport

A

ship materials along axon via microtubules

102
Q

Anterograde/Retrograde Transport

A

moves from cell body to terminals/moves from terminals to cell body

103
Q

Schwann Cell

A

make myelin sheath in PNS, each cell makes segment

104
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

make myelin sheath in CNS, tentacle to make multiple segments, no regrowth

105
Q

Axon Regeneration

A

axon growth after damage

106
Q

Microglia

A

immune system of brain, remove waste, make scar tissue

107
Q

Astrocyte

A

support neurons, glial scar, maintain homeostasis, moderate synapse, transport nutrients, control blood flow from BBB

108
Q

Homeostasis

A

balance within body

109
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

blocks blood from freely flowing in brain, only lets some material through

110
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

immune system attack myelin in CNS

PSYC304 (4 decks)

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