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Biopsych > Exam 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Exam 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Mind and body are inseparable,

A

materialism

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2
Q

Mind is a blank slate, all knowledge comes from senses

A

empiricism

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3
Q

Study of the relative contributions of an individual’s genetic inheritance and the environment

A

Behavioral genetics

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4
Q

Studies influence of the human species’ past natural history on behavior in the modern environment, similarities across cultures

A

Evolutionary psychology

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5
Q

Basic membrane-bound unit of life

A

Cells

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6
Q

Cell’s basic building materials

A

Proteins

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7
Q

Part of the cell that holds blueprints (genes) for making proteins

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Segments of chromosomes that provide instructions for making a single protein, identified by location in DNA

A

Genes

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9
Q

Copying RNA into DNA (inside the nucleus)

A

Transcription

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10
Q

Changing RNA into protein (outside the nucleus)

A

Translation

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11
Q

Special genes that can regulate initiation of protein synthesis

A

Transcription factors

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12
Q

Slight variation of a specific gene

A

Allele

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13
Q

The combination of alleles an individual possesses for a particular gene

A

Genotype

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14
Q

Alleles are identical

A

Homozygous

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15
Q

Alleles are different

A

Heterzygous

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16
Q

Observable trait that is produced by the genotype

A

Phenotype

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17
Q

Routinely expressed trait

A

Dominant

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18
Q

Routinely unexpressed trait

A

Recessive

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19
Q

Fatal infant genetic disorder: caused by faulty enzyme that leads to the destruction of brain cells

A

Tay-Sachs

20
Q

Fatal adult genetic disorder: caused by the creation of a protein that is toxic to brain cells

A

Huntington’s disease

21
Q

A statistic which estimates the degree to which differences (variation) in a particular trait across a particular population are due to differences in the genetic makeup of the population

A

Heritability

22
Q

The probability that a pair of individuals both have a given characteristic, given that one of the pair has the characteristic

A

Concordance rates

23
Q

Tracking a trait through a family tree

A

Pedigree analysis

24
Q

Physical or behavioral characteristic

A

Trait

25
Q

A change in DNA (gene) structure that may make a new trait

A

Genetic mutation

26
Q

The degree to which you can survive and pass your genes on (produce viable offspring)

A

Fitness

27
Q

Natural selection is a ______________ process

A

non-random

28
Q

Traits that are distinguishable across the sexes of the same species

A

Sexual dimorphisms

29
Q

The sexes acquire distinct forms because of either intersexual or intrasexual selection

A

Sexual selection theory

30
Q

Members of one sex choose mates with particular features

A

Intersexual selection

31
Q

Members of the other sex compete amongst each other for mates, only those with certain traits succeed in mating

A

Intrasexual selection

32
Q

The amount of energy parents put into producing and raising offspring

A

Parental investment

33
Q

Classification of living organisms

A

Taxonomy

34
Q

Animals are classified by __________

A

muscles and neurons

35
Q

Chordates are classified by __________

A

brain and spinal cord

36
Q

Primates are classified by __________

A

visual control of hands

37
Q

Homo sapiens are classified by ________

A

complex culture

38
Q

Scientific study of animal behavior (usually in their natural setting)

A

Ethology

39
Q

6 to 8 MYA

A

Early humans split from chimps

40
Q

2 MYA

A

Homo genus evolves

41
Q

200 TYA Homo sapiens reach __________

A

Anatomical modernity

42
Q

50 TYA

A

Great leap forward

43
Q

10 TYA

A

Agricultural revolution

44
Q

Study of social behavior of human groups, differences across cultures

A

Sociology

45
Q

Imagined ideas, the foundation of technology and culture

A

Memes

46
Q

Moral tenants cannot be deduced from the natural state of the world

A

The naturalistic fallacy

Biopsych (4 decks)

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