Exam 1 - types of enzymes

Question 1

What are the 6 different types of enzymes?

Answer 1

1. oxidoreductase
2. transferase
3. isomerase
4. ligase
5. lyases
6. hydrolase

Question 2

Oxidoreductase

Answer 2

one compound is oxidized and one is reduced

Question 3

transferases

Answer 3

transfer of a functional group

Question 4

Isomerase

Answer 4

interconvert optical/geometric isomers (chiral compounds)

Question 5

Ligase

Answer 5

• covalent bond between carbon and other molecule (C-Other)
• requires energy, usually from hydrolysis of ATP

Question 6

Lyases

Answer 6

• cleaves C-S, C-C, C-N bonds
• no hydrolysis occurs (O-R)

Question 7

Hydrolase

Answer 7

• hydrolyze carbon bonds
• by utilizing H2O

Question 8

What are the 2 types of enzyme regulation?

Answer 8

1. Control efficiency (Acute)
2. Control Amount (adaptive)

Question 9

Control efficiency (Acute) - enzyme regulation

Answer 9

• covalent vs allosteric
• dissociation/association enzymes

Question 10

Covalent regulation

Answer 10

changes confirmation of the enzyme
- glasses on/off

Question 11

allosteric

Answer 11

• regulatory molecules (usually a product of the reaction) binds to allosteric site
• changes the confirmation of the enzyme
• inhibits or allows a substrate to covalently bond to the active site of an enzyme

Question 12

Dissociation/association enzyme regulation

Answer 12

• regulatory protein has a binging site for an effector, when the effector is bouth the regulatory subunit loses its affinity for the enzyme = active enzyme
• when the enzyme is detached from the reg subunit, it becomes active

Question 13

Control amount (Adoptive) regulation

Answer 13

transcription control increases or decreases the synthesis of an enzyme