Exam 1 Topics

Question 1

What is reliability vs validity?

Answer 1

validity is the accuracy of an assessment – Reliability is the degree to which scale produces consistent results

Question 2

What is cross sectional study?

Answer 2

several people at one time

Question 3

What is a Case Study?

Answer 3

particular instance of something used or analyzed in order to illustrate a thesis or principle

Question 4

What is preferential looking?

Answer 4

Infants generally prefer to view more complex or colorful stimuli

Question 5

What is Empricism?

Answer 5

learning through experiences

Question 6

What is Nativism?

Answer 6

biological process of actions; its your nature

Question 7

What is Operant conditioning?

Answer 7

Behaviors shaped by consequence

Question 8

What is the Germinal period ?

Answer 8

birth to 2 weeks

Question 9

What is the Embryonic period?

Answer 9

when the organs are formed

Question 10

What is a teratogen?

Answer 10

a substance that causes malformities during pregnancy

Question 11

What is temperament?

Answer 11

when a baby gets mad

Question 12

What is joint attention?

Answer 12

shared attention, two people looking at the same thing

Question 13

What are the findings from Romanian orphanages?

Answer 13

they got little attention and basic needs which affected them later in life for cognitive and behavioral skills

Question 14

What is object permeance?

Answer 14

the fact that an object still exists even if you can’t see it at all moments

Question 15

What are infants understanding of numbers?

Answer 15

they can multiply by 2, but other than that it is difficult for them

Question 16

What findings did Hamlin, Webb, & Bloom discover with shapes?

Answer 16

They discover that they prefer that is helping the other shape vs the one who is conflicting

Question 17

What is Ainsworth strange situation time of interest and attachment styles?

Answer 17

Secure, Insecure Ambivalent, Resistant, and Disorganized

Question 18

What are the requirements to be a formal language?

Answer 18

grammar, intention, reference, arbitrary symbol

Question 19

What is infant directed speech?

Answer 19

high pitched

Question 20

What is symbolic play and during what stage of Piaget?

Answer 20

play in which one object stands for, or represents another; substage 6

Question 21

What is object permeance?

Answer 21

objects continue to exist when they are out of sight

Question 22

What are secondary circular reactions?

Answer 22

third stage of sensorimotor; babies repeat actions to produce interesting changes in their environment; substage 3

Question 23

What are tertiary circular reactions?

Answer 23

fifth stage of sensorimotor phase; the deliberate variation of action sequences to solve problems and explore the world

Question 24

What are infants understanding of numbers?

Answer 24

infants can keep track of objects over time; they can multiply by 2 and can differentiate between 2 and 3

Question 25

What is statistical learning?

Answer 25

babies are very good at keeping track of the statistics of their experience

Question 26

What are infants understanding of gravity?

Answer 26

that self-moving objects have internal force and think it’s possible that this internal force could allow them to resist gravity

Question 27

What is primary intersubjectivity?

Answer 27

the coordination of attention with another individual on matters relating to the self

Question 28

What is secondary subjectivity?

Answer 28

the coordination of attention with another individual on matters relating to external referents

Question 29

What is Social Referencing?

Answer 29

Referencing another individual for information as to how to respond to an ambiguous context

Question 30

What are the requirements to be a formal language?

Answer 30

grammar, intention, reference, and arbitrary symbols

Question 31

What is infant directed speech?

Answer 31

higher pitch, larger pitch range, and connected pitch contours

Question 32

What are Phonetic?

Answer 32

sounds of the language

Question 33

What is syntax?

Answer 33

grammar of the language

Question 34

What is overextension?

Answer 34

words used broader than usually meant ex. all bearded men are Santa Claus

Question 35

What is underextension?

Answer 35

words are used narrower than usually meant | ex. Costco has blanks but they are not the Childs special blanket

Question 36

What is pragmatics?

Answer 36

conversations that govern the use of language in particular social contexts

Question 37

How do children learn the semantics of words?

Answer 37

whole object bias, shape bias, and mutual exclusivity

Question 38

What are the requirements to be a formal language?

Answer 38

grammar, intention, reference, and arbitrary

Question 39

What is Infant phonetic development?

Answer 39

babbling, word order, and sentence structure

Question 40

What is deferred imitation and during what stage of Piaget?

Answer 40

the imitation of an object in the past; substage 6