Exam 1 Topics Flashcards
What is reliability vs validity?
validity is the accuracy of an assessment – Reliability is the degree to which scale produces consistent results
What is cross sectional study?
several people at one time
What is a Case Study?
particular instance of something used or analyzed in order to illustrate a thesis or principle
What is preferential looking?
Infants generally prefer to view more complex or colorful stimuli
What is Empricism?
learning through experiences
What is Nativism?
biological process of actions; its your nature
What is Operant conditioning?
Behaviors shaped by consequence
What is the Germinal period ?
birth to 2 weeks
What is the Embryonic period?
when the organs are formed
What is a teratogen?
a substance that causes malformities during pregnancy
What is temperament?
when a baby gets mad
What is joint attention?
shared attention, two people looking at the same thing
What are the findings from Romanian orphanages?
they got little attention and basic needs which affected them later in life for cognitive and behavioral skills
What is object permeance?
the fact that an object still exists even if you can’t see it at all moments
What are infants understanding of numbers?
they can multiply by 2, but other than that it is difficult for them
What findings did Hamlin, Webb, & Bloom discover with shapes?
They discover that they prefer that is helping the other shape vs the one who is conflicting
What is Ainsworth strange situation time of interest and attachment styles?
Secure, Insecure Ambivalent, Resistant, and Disorganized
What are the requirements to be a formal language?
grammar, intention, reference, arbitrary symbol
What is infant directed speech?
high pitched
What is symbolic play and during what stage of Piaget?
play in which one object stands for, or represents another; substage 6
What is object permeance?
objects continue to exist when they are out of sight
What are secondary circular reactions?
third stage of sensorimotor; babies repeat actions to produce interesting changes in their environment; substage 3
What are tertiary circular reactions?
fifth stage of sensorimotor phase; the deliberate variation of action sequences to solve problems and explore the world
What are infants understanding of numbers?
infants can keep track of objects over time; they can multiply by 2 and can differentiate between 2 and 3
What is statistical learning?
babies are very good at keeping track of the statistics of their experience
What are infants understanding of gravity?
that self-moving objects have internal force and think it’s possible that this internal force could allow them to resist gravity
What is primary intersubjectivity?
the coordination of attention with another individual on matters relating to the self
What is secondary subjectivity?
the coordination of attention with another individual on matters relating to external referents
What is Social Referencing?
Referencing another individual for information as to how to respond to an ambiguous context
What are the requirements to be a formal language?
grammar, intention, reference, and arbitrary symbols
What is infant directed speech?
higher pitch, larger pitch range, and connected pitch contours
What are Phonetic?
sounds of the language
What is syntax?
grammar of the language
What is overextension?
words used broader than usually meant ex. all bearded men are Santa Claus
What is underextension?
words are used narrower than usually meant
ex. Costco has blanks but they are not the Childs special blanket
What is pragmatics?
conversations that govern the use of language in particular social contexts
How do children learn the semantics of words?
whole object bias, shape bias, and mutual exclusivity
What are the requirements to be a formal language?
grammar, intention, reference, and arbitrary
What is Infant phonetic development?
babbling, word order, and sentence structure
What is deferred imitation and during what stage of Piaget?
the imitation of an object in the past; substage 6
