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PSY 130 Child Development > Exam 1 Topics > Flashcards

Exam 1 Topics Flashcards

1
Q

What is reliability vs validity?

A

validity is the accuracy of an assessment – Reliability is the degree to which scale produces consistent results

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2
Q

What is cross sectional study?

A

several people at one time

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3
Q

What is a Case Study?

A

particular instance of something used or analyzed in order to illustrate a thesis or principle

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4
Q

What is preferential looking?

A

Infants generally prefer to view more complex or colorful stimuli

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5
Q

What is Empricism?

A

learning through experiences

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6
Q

What is Nativism?

A

biological process of actions; its your nature

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7
Q

What is Operant conditioning?

A

Behaviors shaped by consequence

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8
Q

What is the Germinal period ?

A

birth to 2 weeks

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9
Q

What is the Embryonic period?

A

when the organs are formed

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10
Q

What is a teratogen?

A

a substance that causes malformities during pregnancy

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11
Q

What is temperament?

A

when a baby gets mad

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12
Q

What is joint attention?

A

shared attention, two people looking at the same thing

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13
Q

What are the findings from Romanian orphanages?

A

they got little attention and basic needs which affected them later in life for cognitive and behavioral skills

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14
Q

What is object permeance?

A

the fact that an object still exists even if you can’t see it at all moments

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15
Q

What are infants understanding of numbers?

A

they can multiply by 2, but other than that it is difficult for them

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16
Q

What findings did Hamlin, Webb, & Bloom discover with shapes?

A

They discover that they prefer that is helping the other shape vs the one who is conflicting

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17
Q

What is Ainsworth strange situation time of interest and attachment styles?

A

Secure, Insecure Ambivalent, Resistant, and Disorganized

18
Q

What are the requirements to be a formal language?

A

grammar, intention, reference, arbitrary symbol

19
Q

What is infant directed speech?

A

high pitched

20
Q

What is symbolic play and during what stage of Piaget?

A

play in which one object stands for, or represents another; substage 6

21
Q

What is object permeance?

A

objects continue to exist when they are out of sight

22
Q

What are secondary circular reactions?

A

third stage of sensorimotor; babies repeat actions to produce interesting changes in their environment; substage 3

23
Q

What are tertiary circular reactions?

A

fifth stage of sensorimotor phase; the deliberate variation of action sequences to solve problems and explore the world

24
Q

What are infants understanding of numbers?

A

infants can keep track of objects over time; they can multiply by 2 and can differentiate between 2 and 3

25
Q

What is statistical learning?

A

babies are very good at keeping track of the statistics of their experience

26
Q

What are infants understanding of gravity?

A

that self-moving objects have internal force and think it’s possible that this internal force could allow them to resist gravity

27
Q

What is primary intersubjectivity?

A

the coordination of attention with another individual on matters relating to the self

28
Q

What is secondary subjectivity?

A

the coordination of attention with another individual on matters relating to external referents

29
Q

What is Social Referencing?

A

Referencing another individual for information as to how to respond to an ambiguous context

30
Q

What are the requirements to be a formal language?

A

grammar, intention, reference, and arbitrary symbols

31
Q

What is infant directed speech?

A

higher pitch, larger pitch range, and connected pitch contours

32
Q

What are Phonetic?

A

sounds of the language

33
Q

What is syntax?

A

grammar of the language

34
Q

What is overextension?

A

words used broader than usually meant ex. all bearded men are Santa Claus

35
Q

What is underextension?

A

words are used narrower than usually meant

ex. Costco has blanks but they are not the Childs special blanket

36
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

conversations that govern the use of language in particular social contexts

37
Q

How do children learn the semantics of words?

A

whole object bias, shape bias, and mutual exclusivity

38
Q

What are the requirements to be a formal language?

A

grammar, intention, reference, and arbitrary

39
Q

What is Infant phonetic development?

A

babbling, word order, and sentence structure

40
Q

What is deferred imitation and during what stage of Piaget?

A

the imitation of an object in the past; substage 6

PSY 130 Child Development (8 decks)

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