Ch 1 Developmental Theory

Question 1

What is objectivity?

Answer 1

data collection and analysis is unbiased

Question 2

What is reliability?

Answer 2

Reliability is the degree to which scale produces consistent results

Question 3

What is validity?

Answer 3

validity is the accuracy of an assessment

Question 4

What is replicability?

Answer 4

the same results are found each time regardless of who conducts these research

Question 5

What is naturalistic observations?

Answer 5

observe participants in a natural context ex. sitting on a park bench

Question 6

Pros of Naturalistic observation?

Answer 6

high validity

Question 7

Cons of Naturalistic observation?

Answer 7

little control, can’t determine causation

Question 8

What is a Clinical Method?

Answer 8

where a situation is tailored to the participant

Question 9

Conducting an interview and adapting the questions based on the child’s responses to previous ones, is an example of?

Answer 9

Clinical method

Question 10

What is the independent variable?

Answer 10

variable that does not depend on one another

Question 11

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 11

variable that the value depends on the other

Question 12

You are interested in how stress affects heart rate in humans. What is the independent and dependent variable?

Answer 12

stress is the iNDEPENDENT vs heart rate is the dependent

Question 13

What is the Experimental method?

Answer 13

Creating a situation where only one variable is manipulated to test its effect on another variable

Question 14

Pros of experiments?

Answer 14

Can determine causation by isolating one factor

Question 15

Cons of experiments?

Answer 15

lack of ecological validity

Question 16

What is ecological validity?

Answer 16

Measure of how test performance predicts behaviors in real world settings

Question 17

What are the four types of Research design?

Answer 17

Longitudinal, Cross sectional, Cohort Sequential, and Micro-genetic?

Question 18

What are longitudinal studies?

Answer 18

same group measured multiple times

Question 19

What is a Micro-genetic study?

Answer 19

studies developed in a very short period of time, typically when the child is almost at a developmental milestone

Question 20

Observing a child on the visual cliff at the onset of crawling, and then again each day for one week, is an example of what study?

Answer 20

Micro-genetic

Question 21

What is a Cohort Sequential study?

Answer 21

combines longitudinal and cross sectional designs, studying several cohorts (groups) over time

Question 22

Recruiting children in a kindergarten class and testing them each year until they graduate high school, is an example of what kind of study?

Answer 22

Longitudinal

Question 23

Testing each proceeding kindergarten class until the original kindergarten class graduates high school, is an example of what kind of study?

Answer 23

Cohort Sequential

Question 24

Administering a test to all children in grades K-12 at the same time, is an example of what kind of?

Answer 24

Cross sectional

Question 25

What do Nativists believe?

Answer 25

Biological predisposition, processes and capacities are existing from birth; not learned through experience

Question 26

What do Empiricists believe?

Answer 26

Experience shapes development

Question 27

What is a Critical Period of development?

Answer 27

development necessitates specific experience at specific time

Question 28

What is a Sensitive Period of Development?

Answer 28

Development facilitated by experience at specific time

Question 29

As soon as a chick is hatched, it imprints on the first moving object usually the mother duck but even if it is a human it imprints, what period of development is this?

Answer 29

Critical Period

Question 30

Children who are exposed to early language are in what period of development?

Answer 30

Sensitive Period

Question 31

What is Plasticity?

Answer 31

Flexibility for development to take place

Question 32

What is the Psychodynamic theory and who created it?

Answer 32

theories that explore the influence of development and developmental stages of universal biological drives and the life experiences of individuals; Freud and Erikson

Question 33

What is the primitive Id?

Answer 33

instinctual trends, biological processes

Question 34

What is ego?

Answer 34

organized and realistic between Id and Super-ego

Question 35

What is the super ego?

Answer 35

critical and moralizing role

Question 36

What is the Law of effect?

Answer 36

Behaviors resulting in satisfying consequences are repeated vs behaviors resulting in unsatisfying consequences are not

Question 37

What is Constructivism?

Answer 37

One learns by doing

Question 38

What is the Sociocultural theory?

Answer 38

Culture interacts with developmental factors, zone of proximal development

Question 39

What is the Dynamic Systems Theory?

Answer 39

Integration of multiple systems into more complex systems