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PSY 130 Child Development > Ch 1 Developmental Theory > Flashcards

Ch 1 Developmental Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is objectivity?

A

data collection and analysis is unbiased

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2
Q

What is reliability?

A

Reliability is the degree to which scale produces consistent results

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3
Q

What is validity?

A

validity is the accuracy of an assessment

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4
Q

What is replicability?

A

the same results are found each time regardless of who conducts these research

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5
Q

What is naturalistic observations?

A

observe participants in a natural context ex. sitting on a park bench

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6
Q

Pros of Naturalistic observation?

A

high validity

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7
Q

Cons of Naturalistic observation?

A

little control, can’t determine causation

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8
Q

What is a Clinical Method?

A

where a situation is tailored to the participant

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9
Q

Conducting an interview and adapting the questions based on the child’s responses to previous ones, is an example of?

A

Clinical method

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10
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

variable that does not depend on one another

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11
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

variable that the value depends on the other

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12
Q

You are interested in how stress affects heart rate in humans. What is the independent and dependent variable?

A

stress is the iNDEPENDENT vs heart rate is the dependent

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13
Q

What is the Experimental method?

A

Creating a situation where only one variable is manipulated to test its effect on another variable

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14
Q

Pros of experiments?

A

Can determine causation by isolating one factor

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15
Q

Cons of experiments?

A

lack of ecological validity

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16
Q

What is ecological validity?

A

Measure of how test performance predicts behaviors in real world settings

17
Q

What are the four types of Research design?

A

Longitudinal, Cross sectional, Cohort Sequential, and Micro-genetic?

18
Q

What are longitudinal studies?

A

same group measured multiple times

19
Q

What is a Micro-genetic study?

A

studies developed in a very short period of time, typically when the child is almost at a developmental milestone

20
Q

Observing a child on the visual cliff at the onset of crawling, and then again each day for one week, is an example of what study?

A

Micro-genetic

21
Q

What is a Cohort Sequential study?

A

combines longitudinal and cross sectional designs, studying several cohorts (groups) over time

22
Q

Recruiting children in a kindergarten class and testing them each year until they graduate high school, is an example of what kind of study?

A

Longitudinal

23
Q

Testing each proceeding kindergarten class until the original kindergarten class graduates high school, is an example of what kind of study?

A

Cohort Sequential

24
Q

Administering a test to all children in grades K-12 at the same time, is an example of what kind of?

A

Cross sectional

25
Q

What do Nativists believe?

A

Biological predisposition, processes and capacities are existing from birth; not learned through experience

26
Q

What do Empiricists believe?

A

Experience shapes development

27
Q

What is a Critical Period of development?

A

development necessitates specific experience at specific time

28
Q

What is a Sensitive Period of Development?

A

Development facilitated by experience at specific time

29
Q

As soon as a chick is hatched, it imprints on the first moving object usually the mother duck but even if it is a human it imprints, what period of development is this?

A

Critical Period

30
Q

Children who are exposed to early language are in what period of development?

A

Sensitive Period

31
Q

What is Plasticity?

A

Flexibility for development to take place

32
Q

What is the Psychodynamic theory and who created it?

A

theories that explore the influence of development and developmental stages of universal biological drives and the life experiences of individuals; Freud and Erikson

33
Q

What is the primitive Id?

A

instinctual trends, biological processes

34
Q

What is ego?

A

organized and realistic between Id and Super-ego

35
Q

What is the super ego?

A

critical and moralizing role

36
Q

What is the Law of effect?

A

Behaviors resulting in satisfying consequences are repeated vs behaviors resulting in unsatisfying consequences are not

37
Q

What is Constructivism?

A

One learns by doing

38
Q

What is the Sociocultural theory?

A

Culture interacts with developmental factors, zone of proximal development

39
Q

What is the Dynamic Systems Theory?

A

Integration of multiple systems into more complex systems

PSY 130 Child Development (8 decks)

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