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Physics > Exam 1 terms > Flashcards

Exam 1 terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are variables?

A

Variables are things or factors that can influence the outcome of an investigation

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2
Q

What is a scientific model?

A

A model is a representation of an idea, and object or even a process or a system that is used to describe and explain something that cannot be experienced directly

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3
Q

What is an ion?

A

When an atom loses or gains electrons. This will result in the atom having a positive or negative charge.

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4
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Therefore different mass.

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5
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a pure substance made up of one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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6
Q

What is a diatomic element?

A

Elements which naturally occur as molecules made up of two identical atoms chemically bonded together. Must be identical.

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7
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration, until the particles are evenly distributed.

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8
Q

What is a compound?

A

A chemical compound is a substance that consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion

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9
Q

What does IUPAC mean?

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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10
Q

What is a binary compound?

A

A binary compound is one in which there are atoms from two different elements present

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11
Q

What is valency?

A

Valency is the number of bonds an atom of a particular element can make when bonding with another atom

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12
Q

What is the order of valency?

A

0,1,2, skip ten groups, 3,4,3,2,1,0

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13
Q

What is a scientist

A

A person who wants to know more about the world.

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14
Q

What do scientists use?

A

investigations, tests and experiments in order to answer questions, solve problems or explain different phenomena.

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15
Q

What are the three types of variables?

A

Independent, dependent and fixed variables

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16
Q

What is an atom?

A

All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Smallest part of an element that can exist on its own.

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17
Q

What is a nucleon?

A

proton and neutrons together.

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18
Q

What is the symbol for a proton, the charge and location?

A

P+, positive, nucleus

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19
Q

What is the symbol for a neutron, the charge and location?

A

N°, neutral, nucleus

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20
Q

What is the symbol for a electron, the charge and location?

A

e-, negative, orbiting around the nucleus

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21
Q

What does the nucleus make up in the atom?

A

The volume

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22
Q

Why are atoms always beau real?

A

Protons are equal to electrons therefore atoms are always neutral

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23
Q

How many elements, groups and periods are on the periodic table?

A

118 elements, 18 groups and 7 periods

24
Q

What is the symbol for the atomic number? What does the number tell us?

A

The symbol is a z. Tells us the number of protons and electrons present in the nucleus of the atom.

25
Q

What is the symbol for the atomic mass? What does it tell us?

A

The symbol is A. It tells us the number it nucleons in he nucleus.

26
Q

What is the formula to find out the neutrons?

A

number of neutrons=
= A - Z
= number - number
= number of neutrons

27
Q

How many electrons can the Bohr model hold in the first energy level? second energy level?

A

2
8
8
8

28
Q

What is the oder we follow when placing electrons?

A

Top, bottom, side, side, repeat

29
Q

What is group 1 called?

A

alkali metals

30
Q

what is the name of Group 2

A

Alkali earth metals

31
Q

What is the name of group 17?

A

halogens

32
Q

what is the name of group 18?

A

noble gases or inert gases

33
Q

another name for semi-metals?

A

metalloids

34
Q

what is electrical conductivity?

A

the ability for a substance to allow a charge to flow through it

35
Q

what is heat conductivity?

A

the ability of a substance to transfer heat.

36
Q

Metallic lustre or dullness

A

describes how shiny or dull a substance is

37
Q

Malleable

A

the ability of a substance to be hammered and shaped without breaking

38
Q

ductile

A

the ability of a substance to be drawn into think threads

39
Q

string or brittle

A

how easily a substance breaks

40
Q

Name the five characteristics of metals.

A
  • Strong, malleable, and ductile
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Good conductors of electricity and heat
  • Mainly solids at room temperature ( mercury is an exception, and is a liquid at room temperature)
  • Becomes shiny when polished, therefore lustre
41
Q

Give the five characteristics of non-metals.

A
  • Brittle (except diamond)
  • Low melting and boiling points (except diamond)
  • poor conductors of electricity and heat
  • solids, liquids and gases at room temperature
  • full looking (except diamond)
42
Q

Give the 7 diatomic elements

A 
Have no fear of ice cold bear 
Hydrogen 
Nitrogen 
Fluorine
Oxygen 
Iodine
Chlorine 
Bromine
43
Q

What is an impure substance?

A

Result of a combination of two or more substance that have not reacted chemically. Mixtures may be separated by physical processes like filtration, evaporation and distillation.

44
Q

What two groups can mixtures be divided into?

A

Heterogeneous and homogenous

45
Q

What is heterogenous mixtures?

A

Components parts can be distinguished.

Eg. ice in soda, cereal in milk, oil mixed with water

46
Q

What is homogenous mixtures?

A

Component parts cannot be distinguished.

Eg. Tap water, atmospheric air, steel, salt water

47
Q

What is the solute, solvent and solution?

A

Solute is what is being dissolved.
Solvent is what is doing the dissolving.
Solution is the final product when it is all mixed together.

48
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

a symbolic representation of a compound and gives the following information about a compound:
• the name
• the elements present
• the ratio of the elements combined

49
Q

What is a metal + non metal called?

A

Ionic

50
Q

What is non metal + non metal called?

A

Molecule

51
Q

How do we determine the chemical formula for a binary compound?

A

We use the system called swop and drop

52
Q

How do we determine the chemical name for a binary compound?

A

It firstly depends whether it’s is ionic compound or molecule

53
Q

Rules for naming ionic compound

A

• Name of the first metal written first and the same
• Name of the second element changes to end with ide
Eg. Sodium chloride

54
Q

Rules for naming a molecule

A
  • The second element ends with ide
  • Add prefixes to the name of the elements to specify the number of atoms of a particular element are present
  • mono is left out of the beginning of the first word.
  • but other prefixes have go on the first word
55
Q

Name the six prefixes

A 
1 - mono 
2 - di 
3 - tri
4 - tetra
5 - penta 
6 - hexa
56
Q

What is a particle diagram?

A

A way of representing molecules and compounds. If they shapes are joined (touching) each other it means they have chemically bonded

57
Q

Gives the tips of the particle diagram

A
  • Hydrogen is always drawn smaller

* if multiples atoms, write the name of the central atom first

Physics (15 decks)

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