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Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Define physical chnage

A

A change that does not alter the chemical nature of the substance, and in which no new chemical substances are formed

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2
Q

What are examples of physical change?

A

Phase chnagez

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3
Q

What is Kinetic molecular theory also known as?

A

The particle model of matter

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4
Q

Define particle model of matter

A

Scientific model used to explain that all matter is made up of particles and to explain the properties and behaviour of matter

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5
Q

Define particles

A

atoms, molecules, ions

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6
Q

What does the model state?

A
  1. Made up of atoms
  2. Particles always moving
  3. Empty space between
  4. Forces of attraction
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7
Q

How big are the particles?

A

So small - can’t see under microscope

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8
Q

When do particles move faster?

A

Heaterd

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9
Q

When do particles move slower?

A

Lose heat

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10
Q

What exists between spaces?

A

Nothing

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11
Q

What does it mean when forces of attraction is strong?

A

Particles are close

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12
Q

What does it mean when forces are weak?

A

Particles are far away

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13
Q

How close are the particles for solids?

A

Very close together

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14
Q

What forces of attraction do solids have?

A

Strong forces of attraction - held tightly togeteht

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15
Q

Can solids be compressed?

A

Cannot be compressed

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16
Q

How do solids move?

A

Do not flow - vibrate

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17
Q

What type of kinetic energy do solids have?

A

Low kinetic energy

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18
Q

Shape and volume of solids?

A

Fixed shape and volume

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19
Q

Density of solids?

A

High density

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20
Q

How close are liquids particles?

A

Close together

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21
Q

Forces of attraction of liquids?

A

String but weaker than solids

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22
Q

How do liquids move?

A

Slide over each other

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23
Q

Can liquids be compressed?

A

Cannot he compressed

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24
Q

Why can liquids move easily?

A

Kinetic energy between particles are greater than solids, weaker than gases

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25
Q

Volume of liquids?

A

Fixed volume

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26
Q

Shape of liquids?

A

No fixed shape

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27
Q

What are gases particles like?

A

Well spread out

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28
Q

Forces of attraction for gases?

A

No forces of attraction

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29
Q

Compress of gases?

A

Easy to compress

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30
Q

How do particles of gases move?

A

Very easily - high kinetic energy

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31
Q

Volume and shape of gases?

A

No fixed volume and no fixed shape

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32
Q

Density of gases?

A

Low density than liquids

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33
Q

What causes a material to change state?

A

Heating and cooling

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34
Q

Name six phase changes

A
  1. Melting
  2. Freezing
  3. Evaporation
  4. Condensation
  5. Sublimation
  6. Deposition
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35
Q

When does phase change take place?

A

Particular temperature

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36
Q

Define temperature

A

Average kinetic energy of particles

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37
Q

Define melting point

A

Substance is the so start temperature at which the substance changes from the solid to liquid phase

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38
Q

Define boiling point

A

Constant temperature at which the substance changes from liquid to gaseous phase

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39
Q

What is heat?

A

Form of energy

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40
Q

When matter is heated, what happens to particles?

A

Temperature increases - particles live faster - kinetic energy increase

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41
Q

What happens during phase change?

A
  • Temperature remains constant
  • Change
  • Energy absorbed/released
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42
Q

What is there in the change?

A

Arrangement
Movement
Attractive forces
Spaces between

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43
Q

Define chemical change

A

Change in which the clerical nature of the substances involved changes and nee chemical substances are formed

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44
Q

What does chemical change involve?

A
  • Colour change
  • Large change in temperature
  • Formation of gas - bubbles
  • Formation of precipitate - solid
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45
Q

What is the difference between the temperature of physical changes and chemical changes?

A

Chemical change is much much larger than physical change

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46
Q

What does a chemical change involve?

A

Talking of existing bonds and the formation of a new bonds

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47
Q

What must happen in order to break bonds?

A

Energy must be absorbed – endothermic process

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48
Q

What happens when you bonds are formed? 

A

Energy is released – exothermic process

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49
Q

Synthesis reaction

A

Combustion of hydrogen rocket propulsion

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50
Q

Define synthesis reaction

A

One in which two or more simple substances react to form a more complex product

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51
Q

What happens when hydrogen is mixed with oxygen?

A

It can burn with a spark ignition

52
Q

What does hydrogen have stored in it?

A

Huge amount of energy

53
Q

What happens when hydrogen burns and chemical bonds are broken?

A

Newborns are made

54
Q

What is large amount of energy released as in hydrogen?

A

Heat and thrust energy

55
Q

What can thrust energy be transferred as?

A

To rocket to propel upwards

56
Q

What type of reaction is oxygen and hydrogen?

A

Exothermic - energy give off

57
Q

What is the decomposition reaction?

A

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

58
Q

Define decomposition reaction 

A

One in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds

59
Q

Define catalyst

A

Substance speed up reaction without taking part

60
Q

Potassium permanganate

A

KMNO4

61
Q

Define combustion

A

Rapid chemical reaction with oxygen that produces heat and light

62
Q

What is it called when a metal reacts with oxygen?

A

Metal oxide

63
Q

Appearance of iron + oxygen

A

Iron (grey) with metallic lustre
Oxygen - colourless

64
Q

Phase of iron + oxygen room temperature

A

Iron - solid
Oxygen - gas

65
Q

Metal or nonmetal?
iron + oxygen

A

Fe - metal
O - nonmetal

66
Q

What happens during the reaction of oxygen and iron?

A

Iron burns

67
Q

Colour of iron after reaction

A

Dull grey

68
Q

Phase of products - oxygen + iron

A

Solid

69
Q

Effect of iron + oxygen on litmus paper

A

Red litmus paper turns blue -
base

70
Q

Word equation of iron and oxygen

A

Iron + oxygen -> Iron (III) oxide

71
Q

Balanced chemical equation of iron and oxygen

A

4Fe + 3O2 -> 2Fe2O3

72
Q

Colour of magnesium and oxygen

A

Mg - grey with lustre
O - colourless, odourless

73
Q

Phase of magnesium and oxygen

A

Mg - solid
O - gas

74
Q

Metal or nonmetal of magnesium and oxygen

A

Mg - metal
O - nonmetal

75
Q

Observation of reaction of magnesium and oxygen

A

Mg burns with a bright white frame

76
Q

Colour if products of magnetism and oxygen

A

White, powder, brittle

77
Q

Phase of magnesium and oxygen products

A

Solid

78
Q

Effect of magnesium and oxygen on litmus paper

A

Red litmus paper turns blue
Base

79
Q

Word equation of magnesium and oxygen

A

Magnesium + oxygen -> Magnesium oxide

80
Q

Balanced chemical equation of magnesium and oxygen

A

2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO

81
Q

Define rust

A

Slow chemical reaction between iron and oxygen in the presence of moisture in the air

82
Q

What is rust a form of?

A

Iron oxide

83
Q

What is rust made up of?

A

Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3)

84
Q

Define corrosion

A

Chemical process that damaged or weakens a metal or other strong metal

85
Q

What is highly reactive?

A

Sodium - places in oil to prevent it from reacting with moisture in air

86
Q

Less reactive material

A

Gold and platinum

87
Q

Where does rust take place?

A

At surface of an object containing iron, when exposed to sue and water for extended periods of time

88
Q

What is seen on rusty objects?

A

Red-brown colour - iron oxide

89
Q

Where does rust happen faster?

A

Coast (near sea)

90
Q

Why is rusting faster at the coast?

A

More water droplets in air -
salt more corrosive

91
Q

What else makes metals rust faster?

A

Presence of acid

92
Q

What is an area called if it contains salt and acid?

A

Corrosive climate

93
Q

How can rusting be prevented?

A

Place some kind of barrier between surface i’d object and moisture in air

94
Q

Name four barriers of rust

A
  1. Paint
    2 Oil/grease
  2. Galvanising
  3. Electroplating
95
Q

What is paint used for?

A

Bicycle, car

96
Q

How does paint work?

A

Adds a barrier, prevent contact with moisture in air

97
Q

Shortcoming of paint

A

Paint chipping

98
Q

What is oil/grease used?

A

Chains on bicycle

99
Q

How does oil/grease work?

A

Oil repels water. prevent water from coming into contact

100
Q

Shortcomings of oil and grease

A

Needs to be reapplied

101
Q

Used of galvanising

A

Boats and ships

102
Q

How does galvanising work?

A

Paint metal coat in thin layer

103
Q

Shortcomings of galvanising

A

Expensive and needs to be reapplied

104
Q

Uses of electroplating

A

Cars, trucks and guns

105
Q

How electroplating works?

A

Despisers thin layer of different metals that do not rust

106
Q

Shortcomings of electroplating

A

Very expensive

107
Q

What does nonmetals and oxygen create?

A

Nonmetal oxide

108
Q

What is the colour of carbon and oxygen?

A

Carbon: black, brittle, dull
Oxygen: Colourless, odourless

109
Q

Phase of solid and gas reactants

A

C solid
O gas

110
Q

Metal or nonmetal of oxygen and carbon

A

Nonmetal

111
Q

Observation during carbon with oxygen

A

Burns with faint orange glow

112
Q

Colour of carbon and oxygen product

A

Colourless, odourless

113
Q

Phase of magnesium and oxygen product

A

Gas

114
Q

Effect of magnesium and oxygen on litmus paper

A

Blue litmus paper turns red
acid

115
Q

Word equation of carbon and oxygen

A

Carbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide

116
Q

Balanced chemical equation of carbon and oxygen

A

C + O2 -> CO2

117
Q

What is coal a form of?

A

Carbon - fossil fuel

118
Q

What is the colour of sulphur and oxygen?

A

S - pale yellow, dull powder
O - colourless, oudoutless

119
Q

Phase of sulphur and oxygen reactants

A

S - solid
O - gas

120
Q

Metal or no metal sulphur and oxygen

A

Non metal

121
Q

Observation during the reaction of sulphur and oxygen

A

Burns with blue flame

122
Q

Colour of sulphur and oxygen products

A

Colourless, sharp pungent odour

123
Q

Phase of sulphur and oxygen products

A

Gas

124
Q

Effect of products of sulphur and oxygen on litmus paper

A

Blue litmus turns red
avid

125
Q

Word equation if sulphur and oxygen

A

Sulphur + oxygen -> Sulphur dioxide

126
Q

Balanced chemical equation of sulphur and oxygen

A

S + O2 -> SO2

Physics (15 decks)

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