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Physics > Current electricity 9 > Flashcards

Current electricity 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is current electricity?

A

Continous movement of electric charge

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2
Q

What is a conductor?

A

Substance/material that allow for free movement of charges

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3
Q

What is an insulator?

A

Substances/materials that do not allow charges

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4
Q

What is an electric current?

A

Path along which charges can move

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5
Q

What does a circuit need to exist?

A
  1. A closed circuit
  2. Source of electrical energy
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6
Q

Who created the light bulb?

A

Thomas Edison

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7
Q

What is the conventional current?

A

flow of positive charge from the positive terminal along the electric circuit back to the negative terminal

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8
Q

What is the series connection?

A

Connected end to end. single path for charges. If one component breaks, it is unable to work

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9
Q

What is a parallel connection?

A

Connected across from each other, more than one path/alternative. Continues to work

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10
Q

What is charge represented by?

A

Q

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11
Q

What is charge measured in?

A

Coulombs - C

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12
Q

Define current

A

Current is the rate of flow of electric charge. A measure of how many charges flow past a specific point over a certain time

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13
Q

What is the symbol for charge?

A

C

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14
Q

What is the formula for charge?

A
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15
Q

What is the potential difference?

A

The work done per unit of positive charge. How much work needs to be done to get a charge from one point to another (energy required)

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16
Q

What is the potential difference symbol?

A

V

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17
Q

What is potential difference measured in?

A

Volts

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18
Q

What is the formula for potential difference?

A
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19
Q

What is an ammeter?

A

A device used to measure current. Connected in series. Low resistance.

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20
Q

What is a voltmeter?

A

Measured voltage across a circuit. Connected in parallel. Volts (V). Very high resistance

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21
Q

Define resistance

A

A materials opposition to the flow of charge

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22
Q

What is the pattern of movement for resistance?

A

Movement from terminal to terminal. Zigzag path that results from countless collisions with fixed atoms within the conducting material.

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23
Q

Why does resistance slow down the movement of charge?

A

Collisions hinder the movement of the charges offering resistance

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24
Q

What is a resistor?

A

Any electrical device that experiences an energy conversion

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25
Q

What is the symbol of resistance?

A

R

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26
Q

What is resistance measured in?

A

Ohms

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27
Q

What is the formula of resistance?

A
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28
Q

Define Ohms Law

A

The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor at a constant temperature

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29
Q

What is an ohmic conductor?

A

Obeys Ohms law. When the temperature remains constant

30
Q

What is an non-ohmic conductor?

A

Does not obey the law. Not directly proportional

31
Q

What are the factors that affect resistance?

A
  1. Length 2. Type 3. Thickness 4. Temperature
32
Q

What does it mean when it is the longer the conductor?

A

The greater resistance

33
Q

Why is there the greater resistance, the longer the conductor means?

A

Longer wire mean there the is more opportunities there are for the charges to collide with the conducting material.

34
Q

What does the type if material relate to resistance mean?

A

Different materials offer different amounts of resistance to the movement of charge.

35
Q

What type if wire provides lower resistance?

A

Thicker conductors allow charge to flow through them more freely, therefore have lower resistance than thinner wires.

36
Q

What does a higher temperature result in with resistance?

A

A higher temperature results in the charges moving faster, and the atoms in the conductor vibrating more. The number of collisions between the charges and the conductor therefore increases, and so the resistance increases.

37
Q

What is the total voltage of cells connected in series?

A

the total voltage is the sum of the voltages (potential differences) of individual cells.

38
Q

What effect does increasing the number of cells in series have on the brightness of a bulb?

A

As the number of cells in series increases, the brightness in the lightbulb increases

39
Q

What in a series circuit will increase the current?

A

Adding cells in series causes the charges in a circuit to flow at a faster rate (i.e. increases the current)

40
Q

What happens when resistors are connected in series?

A

When resiators are connected in series, the lower the resistance in the circuit is the sum of the individual resistors.

41
Q

Whal effect does increasing the number of bulbs (resistors) in series have on the brightness of the bulbs?

A

As the number os bulbs in series increases, the brightness of the bulbs decreases

42
Q

What happens when you add resistors in series?

A

Adding resistors in series increases the resistance in a circuit, causing the charges in the circuit to flow at a slower rate (i.e. decreases the current).

43
Q

What happens when potential difference is across the battery in series?

A

The total potential difference across the battery is the same as the sum of the potential differences across each of the resistors

44
Q

A resistor with higher resistance will have?

A

High potential difference

45
Q

A resistor with lower resistance will have?

A

A resistor with lower resistance will have a lower potential difference across it.

46
Q

What happens to the current when resistors are added?

A

The total current decreases with each resistor added in series to the circuit i.e. resistance increases.

47
Q

Is the current the same in a circuit at any given point?

A

Yes

48
Q

What happens when you add cells in series?

A

Increases the size of the elecrtic current. The light bulbs will glow brighter

49
Q

What happens when you add resistors in series?

A

Light bulb will glow more dimly. Decrease size of electric current

50
Q

What is the formula for resistance in series?

A

Rs = R1 + R2 + R3

51
Q

What happens to cells in parallel?

A

Total voltage is the same as the voltage of the individual cells. Cells last twice as long

52
Q

What is the potential difference across each resistor in a parallel circuit?

A

Potential difference across each resistor is the same

53
Q

What is the total current of the battery in a parallel circuit/

A

Total current through the battery is the same as the sum of the current through the resistor

54
Q

What happens when you add resistors in parallel?

A

It decreases the total resistance and increases the current strength. It is split up

55
Q

What is effective resistance

A

The resistance between two points in an electric network.

56
Q

What is the formula for effective resistance?

A

1/rp = 1/r1 + 1/r2

must revert answer

57
Q

What will the answer always be for effective resistance be?

A

It will always be smaller than the smallest resistor

58
Q

Define Rate of electrical energy supply

A

. It is the amount of energy supplied per unit of time

59
Q

Define power

A

The rate at which energy is transferred

60
Q

What is the symbol for power?

A

P

61
Q

What is power measured in?

A

In Watts (W)

62
Q

The units for power?

A

W

63
Q

What is the formula for electrical power?

A
64
Q

Electrical appliances are marked with a power rating. What does this indicate?

A

It indicates rate of the transfer of energy.

65
Q

What is the calculation of formula for electrical power transferred by an appliance?

A
66
Q

What is energy consumpion?

A

It takes place over a long period time

67
Q

What is the formula for energy consumption?

A
68
Q

What is the unit of energy consumption?

A

Kilowatt hour (kWh)

69
Q

What is 1kw =?

A

1000W

70
Q

What is the formula for the cost of using electrical appliances?

A

C = U x T x P

71
Q

When is the only time you should use Kilowatts and hours?

A

When calculating the cost of electrical consumption

72
Q
A

Physics (15 decks)

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