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NUR414 > Exam 1 terminology > Flashcards

Exam 1 terminology Flashcards

1
Q

undesired, unpleasant, and/or dangerous responses to a drug

A

adverse effects

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2
Q

beneficial or harmful undesired response to a drug

A

side effects

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3
Q

hypersensitivity to a drug that elicits an immune response - can range from mild to severe

A

allergic reaction

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4
Q

assessed by anxiety, weakness, itching and hives, decreased breathing sounds, feeling of a lump in the throat, hoarseness, and stridor

A

anaphylaxis

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5
Q

patient following a treatment plan

A

adherence

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6
Q

drug order that is given immediately - within minutes

A

STAT

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7
Q

drug order the is available for administration within a 30 minute time frame

A

ASAP

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8
Q

drug order that is given within 2 hours

A

routine order

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9
Q

drug order that is given out under specific conditions

A

standing order

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10
Q

drug order that is given as needed for pain

A

PRN

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11
Q

orally administered drug is carried directly to the liver after absorption where it may largely be inactivated before entering general circulation

A

first-pass effect

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12
Q

what are the general steps of the first-pass effect?

A
  1. absorption
  2. enters hepatic circulation
  3. metabolized into inactive form
  4. conjugates and leaves liver
  5. distributed
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13
Q

drug administration PO

A

enteral route

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14
Q

what are examples of enteral route?

A
  • tablets/capsules
  • sublingual
  • buccal
  • rapid dissolving tablets and films
  • nasogastric
  • gastrostomy
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15
Q

drug administration via needle into the skin layers, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, or veins

A

parenteral route

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16
Q

drug administration into the dermis layer of the skin @ 10-15 degree angle with minimal drug volumes

A

intradermal injection

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17
Q

what are the locations on the body where a nurse can do intradermal injections?

A
  • upper back
  • over scapulae
  • high upper chest
  • inner forearm
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18
Q

drug administration into the deepest layer of the skim @ 45-90 degree angle

A

subcutaneous injection

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19
Q

what are the locations on the body where a nurse can do subcutaneous injections?

A
  • upper arm
  • anterior thigh
  • abdominal areas
  • upper dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal
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20
Q

drug administration into specific muscles @ 90 degrees away from bone, large blood vessels, and nerves

A

intramuscular injection

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21
Q

what are the locations on the body where a nurse can do intramuscular injections?

A
  • ventrogluteal
  • deltoid
  • dorsogluteal
  • vastus lateralis
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22
Q

drug administration directly into the bloodstream - large volume and intermittent infusions, bolus

A

intravenous injection

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23
Q

amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect

A

minimum effective concentration (MEC)

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24
Q

range between minimum effectiveness and toxic concentrations

A

therapeutic level

25
Q

a higher amount of drug is administered to “prime” the bloodstream with a sufficient level

A

loading dose

26
Q

amount of time until a therapeutic effect will begin

A

onset of drug action

27
Q

highest drug concentration in the bloodstream at a specific time - also the time a patient is at their biggest risk for adverse effects

A

peak plasma level

28
Q

maintaince of therapeutic effect from a drug

A

duration of drug action

29
Q

well understood drug that is used to compare drugs in the same pharmacologic class

A

prototype drug

30
Q

original designation that a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for the approval process

A

generic name

31
Q

name given to a drug by a pharmaceutical company that developed it

A

brand name

32
Q

what does brand name and generic name drugs have in common?

A

same strength, dosage form, administration route, and inactive ingredients

33
Q

what are the 5 medication rights?

A
  1. patient
  2. drug
  3. dose
  4. route
  5. time
34
Q

process of accurately tracking medications (OTC, prescriptions, herbals, etc.) as the patient proceeds from one healthcare provider to another

A

medication reconciliation

35
Q

study of a drug’s movement throughout the body and how the body deals with the drug

A

pharmacokinetics

36
Q

what are the 4 pharmacokinetic phases?

A
  1. absorption
  2. distribution
  3. metabolism
  4. excretion
37
Q

what factors can affect absorption of a drug?

A
  • drug formulation
  • dosage
  • size of the drug molecule
  • surface area
  • blood flow
  • drug-drug or drug-food interactions
38
Q

what is the concept of protein and drug binding?

A
  • medications compete for protein binding sites within the bloodstream
  • once a medication is bound to a protein, it is inactive
  • need to examine protein levels of the patient: if they are malnourished, they will not have a lot of protein and need a lower dose to achieve therapeutic effects
39
Q

drugs that are taken together as a total

A

addition drug-drug interaction

40
Q

action of drugs taken together that result in a stronger effect

A

synergism drug-drug interaction

41
Q

actions of drugs taken together with blocked or opposite effects

A

antagonism drug-drug interaction

42
Q

actions of drugs taken together shifting another drug at a nonspecific protein-binding site - altering the desired effect

A

displacement drug-drug interaction

43
Q

what are the 4 different types of drug-drug interactions?

A
  1. addition
  2. synergism
  3. antagonism
  4. displacement
44
Q

what factors can affect excretion of a drug?

A
  • liver and kidney impairment
  • blood flow
  • degree of ionization of the drug
  • lipid solubility of the drug
  • drug protein complexes
  • metabolic activity
  • pH
  • respiratory, glandular, and biliary activity
45
Q

what is the most accurate way to assess a patient’s ability to excrete drugs?

A

creatinine clearance - a 24 hour urine test with a normal range of 85-135ml/min

46
Q

what are the most practical ways to assess a patient’s ability to excrete drugs?

A

GFR - normal range of 90-120mL/min
serum creatinine - normal range of 0.5-1.2mg/dL
BUN - normal range of 7-20mg/dL

47
Q

drug administration to maintain plasma drug concentration in the therapeutic range

A

maintenance dose

48
Q

drug causes an action via stimulation producing the same response as an endogenous chemical

A

agonist

49
Q

drug steals or blocks receptor sites inhibiting a reaction

A

antagonist

50
Q

what are the checks of drug administration to reduce medication errors?

A
  • checking the drug with the MAR when removing it
  • checking the drug when preparing it
  • checking the drug before administration
51
Q

initial contact with a patient and their chart with systemic data collection, organization, validation, and documentation

A

assessment phase of the nursing process for pharmacotherapy

52
Q

what are examples of data collected during the assessment phase?

A
  • chronic conditions
  • allergies
  • drug use
  • education and understanding
  • support systems
  • reproductive health
  • medication administration
  • physical examination
53
Q

focus on the promotion of therapeutic drug effects to minimize adverse drug effects, toxicity, and maximizing the patient ability for self-care

A

analytic phase of the nursing process for pharmacotherapy

54
Q

what are examples of patient-centered care during the analytic phase?

A
  • prioritizing information gathered
  • setting goals and desired patient outcomes to ensure safe and effective drug therapy
  • focusing on goals
  • selecting nursing intervention to assist patient
55
Q

following proper drug administration while providing comfort measures and education

A

planning phase of the nursing process for pharmacotherapy

56
Q

moving patient toward desired goals and optimal wellness requiring action by the nurse and the patient

A

implementation phase of the nursing process for pharmacotherapy

57
Q

what are examples of implementing goals during the implementation phase?

A
  • therapeutic use and outcomes
  • monitoring side and adverse effects
  • medication administration
  • special requirements
58
Q

monitoring therapeutic effects, adverse effects, drug-drug; -food; -disease; - alternative therapy; -lab interactions, collecting and comparing data to goals and outcomes that can cause continuous, modification, or termination of the patient’s care plan

A

evaluation phase of the nursing process for pharmacotherapy

59
Q

what are nursing considerations of each route of administration?

A
  • needle sizes
  • angle of injection
  • injection technique
  • pharmacokinetic considerations
  • bypass of first-pass effect

NUR414 (4 decks)

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