Exam 1 adverse effects Flashcards

1
Q

clinical manifestations: hives, rashes, other dermatological lesions, exfoliative dermatitis, SJS

A

dermatological reactions assessment

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2
Q
  • provide frequent skin care
  • avoid rubbing, wearing tight/rough clothing
  • antihistamines
  • topical corticosteroids and emollients
A

dermatological interventions

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3
Q

inflammation of mucous membranes from direction toxic reaction or drug depositing in the end capillaries causing inflammation
clinical manifestations: swollen gums, inflamed gums, swollen and red tongue

A

stomatitis assessment

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4
Q
  • frequent mouth care
  • frequent, smaller meals
  • dental consultation
  • antifungal agents
A

stomatitis intervention

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5
Q

local irritation of the GI tract
clinical manifestations: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, heart burn, abdominal bloating

A

GI irritation assessment

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6
Q
  • take medications with food
  • motility stimulants to help with constipation
  • caution with anti-acids for heartburn - affect absorption of drugs
A

GI irritation intervention

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7
Q

destruction of normal flora
clinical manifestations: fever, diarrhea, black/hairy tongue, inflamed and swollen tongue, mucous membrane lesions, thrush (white film on tongue), yeast infection

A

superinfections assessment

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8
Q
  • frequent mouth care, skin care
  • antifungal therapy
  • discontinue drug
A

superinfections interventions

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9
Q

clinical manifestations: fever, chills, sore throat, weakness, back pain, dark urine, petechiae, decreased RBC, WBC +/or platelets

A

blood dyscrasia assessment

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10
Q

decreased RBC
clinical manifestations: low blood volume, decreased urine output

A

anemia

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11
Q

decreased WBC
clinical manifestations: increased infection, increased temperature, edam erythema (redness and swelling on the skin)

A

leukopenia

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12
Q

decreased platelets
clinical manifestations: bleeding, bruising, dark and tarry stools, bleeding gums, nose bleeds

A

thrombocytopenia

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13
Q
  • monitoring blood pressure and for orthostatic hypotension
  • monitor oxygenation
  • iron supplementation
A

anemia interventions

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14
Q
  • protections from infections
  • wash and cook all produce
  • cook meat thoroughly
  • adequate handwashing
  • avoiding crowds and sick contacts
A

leukopenia interventions

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15
Q
  • avoiding activities that may result in bleeding
  • use of an electric razor
  • monitor bleeding
A

thrombocytopenia interventions

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16
Q

clinical manifestations: fever, malaise (feeling ill), n/v, jaundice, change in urine and stool color, abdominal pain, elevate liver enzymes (AST & ALT), changes in clotting factors

A

hepatoxicity assessment

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17
Q

what is the normal range of hemoglobin in a healthy individual?

A

12-17.5g/dL

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18
Q

what is the normal range of WBCs in a healthy individual?

A

4500-10000/mm3

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19
Q

what is the normal range of platelets in a healthy individual?

A

150000-450000/mcL

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20
Q

what is the normal range of liver enzymes in a healthy individual (AST & ALT)?

A

8-55U/L

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21
Q

what is the normal range of bilirubin in a healthy individual?

A

<0.3mg/dL
total bilirubin=0.1-1.2mg/dL

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22
Q

caused by renal vasoconstriction, direct tubular damage, or intratubular obstruction
-clinical manifestation: elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), elevate creatinine, decreased urine output, electrolyte imbalances, fatigue, malaise (feeling ill), edema, irritability, skin rash

A

nephrotoxicity assessment

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23
Q
  • fluid restrictions
  • skin care
  • electrolyte therapy
  • dialysis if severe
A

nephrotoxicity interventions

24
Q

what is the normal range of BUN in a healthy individual?

A

7-20mg/dL

25
Q

what is the normal range of creatinine in a healthy individual?

A

0.6-1.2mg/dL

26
Q

what is the normal range of a urine output in a healthy individual?

A

30mL/hr

27
Q

what is the normal range of GFR in a healthy individual?

A

90-120mL/min

28
Q

clinical manifestations: loss of coordination, change in pupils, loss of motor skills, coma scale, dizziness, balance

A

neurotoxicity assessment

29
Q
  • monitor for falls and safety
  • monitor ability to protect and maintain airway
  • teach to avoid hazardous activities
A

neurotoxicity interventions

30
Q

clinical manifestations: erythema (redness and swelling on skin), blisters, exudation (pus-like fluid), peeling, burning, itching, hyperpigmentation

A

photosensitivity assessment

31
Q
  • wear long sleeves, a hat, sunscreen, long pants, and sunglasses
  • encourage going out early in the morning or late evening hours
  • avoid direct sunlight and stay in the shade
A

photosensitivity interventions

32
Q

severe allergic reactions that affects deep tissues
clinical manifestations: swollen and red appearance in the lips, face and oropharyngeal cavity, and neck

A

angioedema assessment

33
Q
  • apply oxygen
  • alleviate anxiety with reassurance
  • monitor swallowing and ability to protect airway
  • corticosteroids
  • diphenhydramine
  • epinephrine
A

angioedema assessment

34
Q

clinical manifestations: generalized itching and hives progressing to erythema (swollen and red skin) and angioedema (swelling of tissues) of the head and neck, crackles and wheezing breathing sounds, decreased breath sounds, feeling a lump in the throat, stridor (high-pitched breath sounds), hypoxemia, hypotension, tachycardia

A

anaphylaxis assessment

35
Q
  • medical alert bracelet
  • epinephrine injection
  • immediately discontinuing medication
  • establishing airway and maintaining ventilation
  • bronchodilators
  • diphenhydramine
  • corticosteroids
A

anaphylaxis interventions

36
Q

clinical manifestations: fatigue, drowsiness, hunger, anxiety, headache, cold and clammy skin, shaking, lack of coordination, tachycardia, hypertension, numbness of the mouth, confusion, rapid and shallow respirations

A

hypoglycemia assessment

37
Q
  • restoration of glucose orally
  • skin care
  • safety measures to prevent falls
  • monitor glucose levels
A

hypoglycemia interventions

38
Q

stimulations of the breakdown of glycogen or altering metabolism increasing high serum glucose levels
clinical manifestations: fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, kussmaul respirations, restlessness, nausea, hot or flushed skin, fruity smell of breath

A

hyperglycemia assessment

39
Q
  • administer insulin to decrease glucose
  • monitor blood glucose levels
  • provide bathroom facilities
  • control the room temperature
A

hyperglycemia interventions

40
Q

potassium serum level <3.5mEq/L
clinical manifestations: weakness, numbness and tingling in the extremities, muscle cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased bowel sounds, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotensions

A

hypokalemia assessment

41
Q
  • replace serum potassium
  • cardiac monitoring
A

hypokalemia interventions

42
Q

potassium serum level >5mEq/L
clinical manifestations: weakness, muscle cramps, diarrhea, numbness and tingling, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, decreased urine output, difficulty breathing

A

hyperkalemia assessment

43
Q
  • decrease potassium with potassium binders, insulin, calcium gluconate, dextrose
  • supportive measures for discomfort
  • fall precautions
  • cardiac monitoring
  • dialysis if needed
A

hyperkalemia interventions

44
Q

drug deposit in the end arteries of the retina causing inflammation
clinical manifestations: blurring of vision, color vision changes, corneal damage, blindness

A

ocular damage assessment

45
Q
  • monitor patient’s vision
  • discontinue drug as needed
A

ocular damage interventions

46
Q

clinical manifestations: dizziness, loss of balance, loss of hearing, ringing in ears, fullness in ears

A

auditory damage assessment

47
Q
  • monitor patient’s perceptual losses or changes
  • protective measures for falls or injuries
  • supportive measures to cope with hearing changes
A

auditory damage interventions

48
Q

can act as a stimulant or depressant
clinical manifestations: confusion, delirium, insomnia, mood disorders, drowsiness, hyper- or hyporeflexia, bizarre dreams, hallucinations, numbness, tingling, seizures

A

CNS effects assessment

49
Q
  • safety measures to prevent injury
  • avoiding dangerous situations
  • orient the patient and provide support
A

CNS effects interventions

50
Q

blocking cholinergic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system
clinical manifestations: dry mouth, dysphagia, heartburn, constipation, bloating, urinary hesitancy, blurred vision, photophobia, headache, mental confusion, nasal congestion

A

anticholinergic assessment

51
Q
  • provide sugarless lozenges and mouth care
  • arrange for bowel program
  • safety measures if vision changes
  • sunglasses for photophobia
  • proper hydration
  • medications for headache and nasal congestion
A

anticholinergic interventions

52
Q

directly or indirectly affecting dopamine levels cause a syndrome to resemble Parkinson’s disease
clinical manifestations: lack of activity, akinesia (loss of ability to move muscles), muscular tremors, drooling, changes in gait, rigidity, akathisia (extreme restlessness), dyskinesia (spasms)

A

extrapyramidal assessment

53
Q
  • small, frequent meals if swallowing becomes difficult
  • safety measures if ambulation is an issue
  • anticholinergic agent treatment
A

extrapyramidal interventions

54
Q

general anesthetics and other drugs that directly affect CNS
clinical manifestations: slowed reflexes, rigidity, involuntary movement, hyperthermia, autonomic disturbances

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome assessment

55
Q
  • dopamine agonist
  • muscle relaxant
  • discontinuation of drug
  • reduce patient’s body temperature
A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome interventions