Exam 1 adverse effects Flashcards
clinical manifestations: hives, rashes, other dermatological lesions, exfoliative dermatitis, SJS
dermatological reactions assessment
- provide frequent skin care
- avoid rubbing, wearing tight/rough clothing
- antihistamines
- topical corticosteroids and emollients
dermatological interventions
inflammation of mucous membranes from direction toxic reaction or drug depositing in the end capillaries causing inflammation
clinical manifestations: swollen gums, inflamed gums, swollen and red tongue
stomatitis assessment
- frequent mouth care
- frequent, smaller meals
- dental consultation
- antifungal agents
stomatitis intervention
local irritation of the GI tract
clinical manifestations: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, heart burn, abdominal bloating
GI irritation assessment
- take medications with food
- motility stimulants to help with constipation
- caution with anti-acids for heartburn - affect absorption of drugs
GI irritation intervention
destruction of normal flora
clinical manifestations: fever, diarrhea, black/hairy tongue, inflamed and swollen tongue, mucous membrane lesions, thrush (white film on tongue), yeast infection
superinfections assessment
- frequent mouth care, skin care
- antifungal therapy
- discontinue drug
superinfections interventions
clinical manifestations: fever, chills, sore throat, weakness, back pain, dark urine, petechiae, decreased RBC, WBC +/or platelets
blood dyscrasia assessment
decreased RBC
clinical manifestations: low blood volume, decreased urine output
anemia
decreased WBC
clinical manifestations: increased infection, increased temperature, edam erythema (redness and swelling on the skin)
leukopenia
decreased platelets
clinical manifestations: bleeding, bruising, dark and tarry stools, bleeding gums, nose bleeds
thrombocytopenia
- monitoring blood pressure and for orthostatic hypotension
- monitor oxygenation
- iron supplementation
anemia interventions
- protections from infections
- wash and cook all produce
- cook meat thoroughly
- adequate handwashing
- avoiding crowds and sick contacts
leukopenia interventions
- avoiding activities that may result in bleeding
- use of an electric razor
- monitor bleeding
thrombocytopenia interventions
clinical manifestations: fever, malaise (feeling ill), n/v, jaundice, change in urine and stool color, abdominal pain, elevate liver enzymes (AST & ALT), changes in clotting factors
hepatoxicity assessment
what is the normal range of hemoglobin in a healthy individual?
12-17.5g/dL
what is the normal range of WBCs in a healthy individual?
4500-10000/mm3
what is the normal range of platelets in a healthy individual?
150000-450000/mcL
what is the normal range of liver enzymes in a healthy individual (AST & ALT)?
8-55U/L
what is the normal range of bilirubin in a healthy individual?
<0.3mg/dL
total bilirubin=0.1-1.2mg/dL
caused by renal vasoconstriction, direct tubular damage, or intratubular obstruction
-clinical manifestation: elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), elevate creatinine, decreased urine output, electrolyte imbalances, fatigue, malaise (feeling ill), edema, irritability, skin rash
nephrotoxicity assessment