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Psych 188b: Dynamics of Parenting > Exam 1 Study Guide first time > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide first time Flashcards

PROBABLY NOT GOOD ENOUGH

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1
Q

St. Augustine

A

Original Sin

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2
Q

Martin Luther

A

patriarchy

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3
Q

John Calvin

A

Education and discipline

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4
Q

wesley

A

four principles:

  1. establishing habits
  2. developing morals
  3. discipline
  4. encouraging religious beliefsspock
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5
Q

Aristotle

A

blank slates

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6
Q

john lock

A

tabula rassa

treat as min adults

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7
Q

rousseau

A

born innocent

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8
Q

holt

A

importance of breast feeding

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9
Q

spock

A

trust your gut

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10
Q

Theory

A

A collection of observations that has led us to a set of concepts/propositions that helps us to organize, describe and predict behavior

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11
Q

Lay Beliefs and Parental Behavior

A

Theories about child rearing help us understand parenting and prescribe the ways in which parents should behave.

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12
Q

Freud:

A

Stage Theorist (5 stages)

  1. Oral (birth to 12 months)
  2. Anal (12 month to 3 year stage)
  3. Phallic Stage (3-6 yrs)
  4. Latency (6-12 years old)
  5. Genital Stage (12+)
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13
Q

Attachment Theory

A
  • (Freud) The HEART OF ATTACHMENT THEORY: First to identify that there’s a realtionship between early life experience and later developmental outcomes.
  • Harry Harlow’s work
  • Main idea of attachment theory: Love is paramount in appropriate and typical development
  • Mary Ainsworth (Bowlby’s student)
  • ->strange situation
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14
Q

strange situation

A
  • securely attached
  • insecurely attached
  • > anxious avoidant (clingy)
  • > anxious resistant (ambivalent)
  • > disorganized
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15
Q

Sensitive parenting

A

at minimum, the parent responds promptly and appropriately as well as is available to help calm a distressed infant and help/ him self-regulate.

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16
Q

Secure

A
  • using mom as secure base
  • Secure: my needs will be known and met, I will be attuned to and emotionally regulated and I can freely explore my environment safely.
  1. When mom is in new environment, they wanna check it out but they keep going back to their mom
  2. Want child to be eager to explore independently but also to keep checking in
  3. Notices when mom leaves and protests
  4. When mom returns infant goes straight to mom and then returns to play
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17
Q

Anxious avoidant

A
  1. Doesn’t use mom as secure base
  2. Isn’t upset when mom leaves
  3. Ignores care giver
  4. Either approach or ignore the mom when she returns
  5. Unique from anxious resistant because of lack of protest when mom leaves!
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18
Q

Anxious resistant (ambivalent)

A
  1. Doesn’t use mom as secure base
  2. When caregiver departs is extremely upset and can’t be comforted
  3. When mom comes back is like “whatever, forget you”
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19
Q

Disorganized

A

The most damaging form of parenting is not consistently bad parenting, it’s unpredictable parenting!

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20
Q

Insecure

A

Insecure: emotional needs won’t be met, hold tightly to whatever you get (anxious resistant) or repress emotions, forget you, don’t need it any way (anxious avoidant)

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21
Q

Classical Conditioning:

A

Watson and Pavlov: Classical conditioning involves learning a new behavior merely by the process of association

1) Unconditioned stimulus: you will react naturally to something
2) Conditioned Stimulus: what you introduce and pair with the unconditioned stimulus

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22
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

REINFORCEMENT OR PUNISHMENT

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23
Q

Reinforcement:

A

something to increase the probability the event to happen again

24
Q

Punishment:

A

something that will decrease probability that event will occur again

25
Q

Positive:

A

just means adding something to the environment

26
Q

Negative:

A

just means removing something from the environment

27
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

According to the concepts of natural selection: not all individuals have the same chances for survival in a particular environment.
-survival of the fittest

28
Q

Behavioral Genetics Theory

A
  • Understanding unique contributions of both genetic inheritance and the environment
  • Focuses on genetic inheritance and environmental contributions to behavior or particular characteristics
29
Q

Gene X Environment Interaction

A

Passive: parent’s genetic make up influences
Active: kid’s genetic make up influences
Evocative: the kid acts a certain way so the parents react to it

30
Q

Ecological Systems Theory

A

-Urie
-Individual: sex, age, health, temperament
-Mesosystem: interconnection between microsystem and individual
-Exosystem: context of what’s happening in terms of media/ social services/ laws in place
-Macrosystem (grandest scale)
Attitudes and ideology of the culture in which the person lives
-Chronosystem: refers to how nested systems of interactions influence future behavior as well as change as the child gets older

31
Q

Social cognitive theory:

A
  • emphasizes the cognitive and information-process capacities of individuals who mediate their social behavior
  • Bandura
  • Bobo Dolls
  • Modeling
32
Q

Parent Child Coercive Cycles

A

-Parents need to carefully think about what issues are important enough to have conflict over, recognize when the conflict is escalating and terminate an escalation (i.e. everyone take five) before the situation gets outta control

33
Q

Social relational theory

A
  • > Traditional View: Parent -> Child

- > Transactional Effects: two ways

34
Q

Parental Role Theory

A
  • > Concerns roles: expectations, behaviors, rights, and obligations of the parent
  • > Role conflict: occurs when an individual experiences conflict between the roles of two different statuses
  • Role Strain: Tension on the individual because roles should have same status
35
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory

A
  • Zone of proximal development: social influence of how a child is taught is paramount on child’s development
  • > Parent’s job is to create scaffolding
36
Q

Self-Determination Theory

A
  • Basic Needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness
  • Focuses on agency of child: parents, according to this theory, need to be involved, provide structure, and support the child’s developing autonomy
37
Q

Family Systems Theory

A
  • Posits that multi-generational patterns of family interaction, assigned roles within the family, social triangulation and the tendency for all emotional systems to seek and maintain homeostasis function to affect behavior and emotional health.
  • Relationships among all members of the family must be recognized!!!
  • > second order effects
  • > co parenting
38
Q

second order effects

A

-parenting changes in front of your partner

39
Q

coparenting

A

-both parents working together rather than dad talking shit about mom or vice versa

40
Q

Emotional Security Theory

A
  • Focuses on children’s perceptions of and exposure to parental conflict
  • > Internalizing and externalizing behaviors develop in response to parental conflict
  • ->Infrequent exposure to marital discord -> secure
  • ->Exposure to frequent marital discord -> insecure
41
Q

Piaget’s Stage Theory

A
  • sensorimotor (birth - 2 yrs)
  • preoperational (2-7)
  • concrete operational (7-12)
  • formal operational (12+)
42
Q

Ercikson

A
  • basic trust/mistrust: infancy
  • autonomy/shame: 1-3 yrs
  • initiative/guilt: 4-5
  • industry/inferiority: 6yr-puberty
  • ID/role confusion: adolescence
  • intimacy/isolation: early adulthood
  • generativity/ stagnation: middle adulthood
  • ego integrity/ despair: late adulthood
43
Q

Hospitalism (Rene Spitz, 1945)

A

wasting disease characterized by retarded physical development and disruption of perceptual-motor skills and language due to lack of social contact

44
Q

Stereotypy:

A

repetitive, physical behavior that serves no purpose

45
Q

Romanian Kids

A
  • Incentivized families to have as many kids as possible by removing and taxing access to birth control so the dude in charge could have a weird army
46
Q

Charles Nelson

A

(Harvard Researcher) went to orphanages to start collecting data

  • foster care vs. orphanages
  • use foster cares
47
Q

Animal Studies

A
  • What happens at the beginning of life which is impactful and significant in terms of importance of parents
  • conrad lorenz with geese
  • harlow
48
Q

How Influential are parents

A
  • Testing delayed gratification
  • > Marshmallow Task
  • Competence: ability to make use of the environmental/personal resources to achieve positive personal development
49
Q

Parenting styles established by Baumrind

A

a. Permissive: high in warmth, very little control/demand
b. Authoritative: high in warmth and control/demand; best
c. Authoritarian: high in control/demand, low in warmth
d. Neglectful later added: low in warmth and e. Caveats:
i. What about bidirectional effects?
ii. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES:

50
Q

Specific Parenting Behaviors

A
  1. Vocal stimulation
  2. Encouragement of emotional expressiveness
  3. Support, Infrequent Punishment, Assigning Chores
  4. Appropriate levels of involvement
  5. Behavioral Control
  6. Empathic Responsiveness
  7. Warmth
  8. Effective Problem solving
  9. Monitoring
  10. Flexibility
51
Q

Goodness of fit:

A

how well do parent and child fit together in terms of personality, disposition, parenting style vs receptivity of child

52
Q

New model

A
  • Establishing Trajectories: Create pathways for child’s development based on parental long-term goals
  • Cocooning strategies: seen in religious/conservative homes
53
Q

Typical Goals of Parents

A
  • survive
  • be obedient
  • follow family routines
  • display proper manners
  • be socially competent
  • do well in school
  • respect parents, elders, property, culture/tradition
  • be loyal to family
  • be independent
  • be happy
  • be moral person
  • be economically self sufficient/ good job
54
Q

Mediating

A
  • Pre-arming Mediation
  • Concurrent Mediation
  • Debriefing
55
Q

Modifying Speed of Trajectories:

A
  • acceleration

- deceleration

Psych 188b: Dynamics of Parenting (4 decks)

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