Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
Formula Goal
Pt will (action) with (% accuracy) with (level of assistance)
What is a SMART goal?
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timed
CNI
Olfactory - Smell
CNII
Optic - Vision
CNIII
Oculomotor - Eyes up and “pupilation”
CNIV
Trochlear - Eyes toward nose
CNV
Trigeminal - Motor to forehead and sensory to le mouth
CNVI
Abducens - Lateral eye movement
CNVII
Facial
CNVIII
Vestibulocochlear - hearing
CNIX
Glossopharyngeal
CNX
Vagus
CNXI
Accessory
CNXII
Hypoglossal
Broca: Lesion, fleuncy, speech, word retrieval, repetition, and comprehension
Location: Posterior inferior frontal lobe
Fluency: nonfluent, telegraphic
speech paraphasia: phonetic dissolution
Word retrieval: fair, but misarticulated
Repetition: labored, misarticulated, telegraphic
Comprehension: fair to good
Wernicke: Location, fluency, speech, word retrieval, repetition, and comprehension
location: posterior superior temporal lobe Fluency: fluent, empty speech paraphasias: verbal paraphasia word retrieval: poor repetition: restricted comprehension: poor
Conduction: location, fluency, speech, word retrieval, repetition, and comprehension
location: Parietal lobe
fluency: fluent, sensical
speech paraphasia: literal
Word retrieval: fair
Repetition: restricted
Comprehension: fair to good
Anomic: location, fluency, speech, word retrieval, repetition, and comprehension
location: temporal, parietal
fluency: fluent
speech paraphasia: Anomia
word retrieval: Good
repetition: Good
comprehension: Good
Transcortical motor: location, fluency, speech, word retrieval, repetition, and comprehension
location: Anterior superior frontal lobe
fluency: fluent
speech paraphasia: variable
word retrieval: variable, with delays in initiation
Repetition: Good
Comprehension: Good
Transcortical sensory: location, fluency, speech, word retrieval, repetition, and comprehension
location: Posterior superior parietal lobe
fluency: fluent
speech paraphasia: variable
word retrieval: Poor
repetition: Good
comprehension: poor
Global: location, fluency, speech, word retrieval, repetition, and comprehension
location: large, perisylvian
fluency: nonfluent
speech paraphasia: a lot
word retrieval: poor
repetition: poor
comprehension: poor
Literal/phonemic
sound errors, sound transpositions (shooshbruss for toothbrush)
Semantic/verbal
semantically related word is substituted: for for spoon
Circumlocution
Intentionally speaking around the target word due to inability to retrieve a word
Neologism
a new word that makes no sense
Jargon
A string of neologism
perseverative stereotypy
consistently says the same utterance
agrammatic/telegraphic
speech in which function words are omitted
empty speech
fluent but nonsensical
What is ICF and who designed it? What is its purpose?
International classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health was developed by the WHO. It provides a framework to address an individual’s functioning and disability related to a health condition within the context of that person’s activities and social roles in everyday life.
Define health condition according to the WHO
Disorder or disease that informs predicted comorbidities and prognosis
Define body structure and function according to the WHO
Impairments in anatomical parts and their physiological functions
Define activity and participation according to the WHO
Limitations in execution of a task or involvement in a life situation
Define Personal and environmental factors according to the WHO
Barriers of facilitators in the environment or society and/or attitudes that influence function
Medical model: focus, global hemisphere, view regarding disability, where are services provided, example?
Impairment focused Western medicine Disability is localized within a person Services are provided in a medical setting Naming picture noun cards
Social Model: focus, global hemisphere, view regarding disability, where are services provided, example?
Social activist UK Disability is a cultural/social construct Services provided in the home Partner education/training
Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA) focus
focuses on activities that are functional for the patient. Sets the goal of xment and the measurement of its effects and being those that focus on alleviating participatory limitations or restrictions on the PWA that are imposed by the aphasia.
What are the four language modalities?
auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading, and writing.
What are the two (main) types of strokes? Describe.
Ischemic: generally the cause of narrowing arteries. Common due to increased cholesterol. Hemorrhagic: When blood leaks out of a vessel and damages or kills brain tissue.
What are the two types of ischemic strokes discussed in class?
Embolic: the result of a blood clot that dislodges, resulting in cessation or inadequate blood flow to the brain.
Thrombic: blood clot of an occluded vessel.
What does the pyramidal system control?
voluntary motor movement
What nerve fibers comprise the pyramidal tract? What do they do/control?
corticobulbar: controls voluntary speech movements
corticospinal: muscles of the trunk and limbs
Describe damage to the pyramidal system
affects motor activation so that voluntary movement, including speech, is impaired.
How to test for motor/coordination
Is the patient able to walk or stand? Finger to finger, nose to nose, and rapid alternating movement?
What is LOT? Describe its design.
Language Oriented Treatment: LOT is designed to provide a highly individualized and tailored approach to treatment based on the language profile, the interests, and the goals of the patient.
Transcortical sensory aphasia AKA
posterior isolation syndrome
Which area is important for language comprehension?
Wernicke’s area
What is PPP?
Preferred practice patterns.
Describe aphasia book clubs: mission, purpose, population?
Mission: to combine community service, student training and research, centered around individuals living with aphasia.
Purpose: Enhance quality of life through social interaction and life participation.
This is a good approach to use with anyone with aphasia. Some of the exceptions noted mentioned in the class were for ELL clients and for those who might not enjoy reading.
Sentence Shaper: What is it, why was it made, and population
Sentence Shaper is an innovative computer program that helps people with language problems create speech using their own voices. You record words or short phrases, play them back, and then arrange them into sentences.
It was inspired by research showing that people with aphasia may still know their language but the language processing is slowed down (it takes longer to think of their words and combine them into sentences). By “turning off the clock,” it allows the user to record spoken fragments, play them back and build them into sentences by manipulating icons on a computer screen.
Population: for individuals with non-fluent aphasia
PACE: description and full name
Promoting Aphasics Communicative Effectiveness.
Cards showing different actions (blowing, cutting) that are meant to promote conversational topics. Used with other therapies. The client and the clinician are equal conversational partners. Get the message across (with gestures, pictures, etc.) rather than linguistic perfection. Functional communication, but limited amount of research.
What is the purpose of assessment?
To determine the current and long term communication and cognitive needs of the patient.
What info do we gather about the patient?
The referral, the medical record, the interview, assessments
What are neurons?
basic building blocks of the nervous system
what are sensory neurons?
are sensors and are sensitive to light, sound, touch, temperature, smell, and chemical input.
What are motor neurons?
are actors and receive excitation from other cells giving rise to muscle impulses and secretion of hormones.
What are interneurons?
connect one neuron to another and can notify motor neurons to move a part of the body that has detected dangerous sensory information
