#Exam 1- Social Psychology Flashcards
What is the key concept of Agency Theory
The idea that we face authority-go through moral strain then either go into an autonomous or agentic state
What is the Agentic state
Obeying an authority figure ( 65% of ppts shocking to 450 V)
What is the Autonomous state
Making your own choice- the 35% who refused to shock to 450v
What is moral strain
When people become uncomfortable with their behaviour
Evaluation of agency theory
S-Milgrams study showed people in moral strain
C-original study fails to explain why people entered autonomous state
O-theories involve social impact and identity theory
U-this theory is useful as it can be applied to the police and armed forces so that one person isn’t given to much power.
T-milgram used his own study
What does social impact theory suggest causes obedience ?
The strength of authority figure
The number of authority figures
And the immediacy
What is supporting evidence for strength, number and immediacy
Number- milgram
Strength- ordinary man variation
Immediacy- telephone varitaion
What is the psychosocial law
As number of sources increase each person has less influence
What is the multiplicative effect
Combination of all three sources
What is the divisional effect
Ability of speaker to persuade an audience
Social impact theory evaluation
S-Milgram’s studies such as no9 telephonic experiment
C-Mullen conflicts with SIT as he said the analysis of strength and immediacy lacked consistency
O-agency theory states that it is only strength of source which affects obedience’s
U-this is useful as it shows us a various amount of factors which effect obedience levels
T-has a maths equation means predictions can be made
What are the situational factors affecting obedience
Momentum of compliance
Proximity
Status of authority
Personal responsibility
What is the momentum of compliance
When the change occurs slowly so that when the bad action is committed they don’t feel as bad about it
What are the Individual factors which affect obedience
Personality
Culture
Gender
What ways do personality affect obedience
Authoritarian- more submissive to authority figures
Locus of control- believing your behaviour is affected by outside sources
Empathy- people who have more empathy protest more
Which culture obeys more collectivist or individualist
Collectivist
Does gender effect obedience
No ( milgrams study shows same levels)
What is theory explains prejudice
Social identity theory
What are the three components to Social identity theory
Social categorisation, social identification, social comparison
What is social categorisation
Process of deciding which group you belong to
What is social identification
Absorbing the culture of that group
What is social comparison
Making your in-group look better then your out-group
Evaluation of social identity theory
S-sherif’s study into prejudice- social comparison when the two groups would fight
C-sherif’s findings conflict with SIT and agree with RCT because it suggests that conflict was caused over shared resources
O-realistic conflict theory
U-shows that super ordinate goals reduces prejudice in society
T- society isn’t as simple as in groups and out groups and Is therefore reductionist and hard to test out
What is the key idea behind realistic conflict theory
That prejudice occurs over a competition over a shared resource.
What are the three main components to RCT
In group favouritism
Inter group conflict
Superordinate goals
What do Ingroup favouritism, intergroup conflict and superordinate goals mean
In group - seeing needs of your group as bigger then others
Inter group conflict- conflict between two groups
Superordinate goals- when groups work together
RCT evaluation
S- sheriff’s study showed that superordinate goals solve prejudice
C-Duckitt suggests it comes from unequal status - Falkland island war
O- social identity theory
U- can be used in real life to be able to remove prejudice from society
What are the individual factors affecting prejudice and discrimination
Authoritarian personality
Ethnocentrism
Locus of control
What are situational factors which affect prejudice
Culture
Competition
Presence of a group
What was the aim of milgrams original study
Test to see if Germans were different to other
Who participated in milgrams study
40 US males
How many went to 450 v in milgrams study
65%
Evaluation of milgrams original study
G- no R- yes high control factors A-police and military V- iv- high Ev- low E- no protection from harm No right to withdrawal Limited consent Debriefed
What was no 10 of milgrams variation.
Run down office block
What was no 7 of milgrams experiment
Telephonic instruction
What was no 13 of milgrams experiments
Ordinary man
What is the contemporary study for social psychology
Burger ( up dated milgram )
How many continued to full charge in burgers study
63.3%
Evaluation of burger
Same as milgram
More ethical as it had a screening process and only went to 150v
Who was the prejudice classical study
Sherif et al
What happened in sherifs study
Two groups of boys spend time in summer camp. The groups have a competition between each other
What were the results of sherifs study
Stage 2 friendships were 6.4% and 7.5%
Stage 3 36.4% and 23.2%
Evaluation of sherifs study
G- only young American boys
R- high control factors all white and same age and class
A- applicable as it shows how to get rid of prejudice
V - high internal validity
- high ecological validity
E- consent was given
Boys made up after
There was fightingWhat is the key question for social psychology
Can psychology explain cult behaviour
Facts about cults (A01)
Follow strong living leader
Cult leader Is often manipulative
Cult members don’t have authoritarian personality and are vulnerable
A02 what theories explain cult behaviour
Agency theory- cults have strong figure head KKK has multiple leaders
Social impact theory- KKK once had 4 million member
RCT- white members believe black take away white rights
What was the practical for social psychology
Does age influence beliefs about homosexuality
What were the results of the social practical
- 3 for younger
5. 77 - older have a more varied opinion
Evaluation of practical
G- no only people from north east England
R- high control factors everyone revived same questions
A- can show to see if older have more prejudice outlook
V- low ecological validity
High internal validity
E- some people may be offended by topic of questionaire
