Exam 1 - Skull Radiography

Question 1

if you want to evaluate the right maxilla & frontal sinus without superimposition of other structures, what radiographic view would you take?

Answer 1

LDRVO - highlights the left ventral mandible & right maxilla/frontal sinus

Question 2

if you want to evaluate the left mandible without superimposition of other structures, what radiographic view would you take?

Answer 2

LDRVO - highlights the left ventral mandible & right maxilla/frontal sinus

Question 3

if you want to evaluate the left maxilla & frontal sinus without superimposition of other structures, what radiographic view would you take?

Answer 3

LVRDO - highlights the left dorsal aspect (left maxilla & frontal sinus) & right ventral aspects (right mandible)

Question 4

if you want to evaluate the right mandible without superimposition of other structures, what radiographic view would you take?

Answer 4

LVRDO - highlights the left dorsal aspect (left maxilla & frontal sinus) & right ventral aspects (right mandible)

Question 5

what radiographic view is best for evaluating the frontal sinuses?

Answer 5

skyline view - closed mouth VD

Question 6

what radiographic view is best for evaluating the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

open mouth VD

Question 7

what view is shown here? what is it best for?

Answer 7

open mouth VD - best for looking at the nasal cavity

Question 8

what view is shown here? what is it best for?

Answer 8

skyline view - frontal sinuses

Question 9

what view is shown here? what is it best for?

Answer 9

open-mouth, rostral 30° ventral - caudodorsal oblique

best for looking at the tympanic bullae

Question 10

how do you name skull oblique radiographic views?

Answer 10

view is named off of the path of the x-ray beam going through the patient

opposite surfaces are highlighted for interpretation - so a LDRVO highlights the left mandible & right maxilla

Question 11

what view does this represent? what does it highlight?

Answer 11

LDRVO - right frontal sinus & left mandibular body, so the right maxilla & mandible are both more dorsal than the left

Question 12

what view does this represent? what does it highlight?

Answer 12

RDLVO - left frontal sinus & right mandibular body, so the left maxilla & mandible are both more dorsal than the left

Question 13

name this view

Answer 13

RDLVO or LVRDO

Question 14

what sinuses in the equine skull communicate?

Answer 14

rostral maxillary & ventral conchal

caudal maxillary, frontal sinus, & dorsal conchal

Question 15

what is the name of the structure in the equine head that allows for communication between the nasal cavity & maxillary sinuses?

Answer 15

nasomaxillary opening

Question 16

what teeth in the adult equine communicate with the rostral maxillary sinus?

Answer 16

last premolar & first molar, so 08 & 09

Question 17

what teeth in the adult equine communicate with the caudal maxillary sinus?

Answer 17

2nd & 3rd molars, so 10 & 11

Question 18

what is this structure in the equine skull? what anatomic structures are closely associated with it?

Answer 18

guttural pouch - air-filled diverticula of auditory/eustachian tubes, medial compartment is larger than the lateral compartment

stylohyoid bone, cranial nerves VII, IX, X, XI, & XII, cranial sympathetic trunk, internal carotid artery, & branches of the external carotid artery

etd - eustachian tube diverticula
h - stylohyoid bone
np - nasopharynx
e - epiglottis
sp - soft palate
red arrow - dorsal wall of the nasopharynx

Question 19

which companion animal has a more complete bony orbit of the skull?

Answer 19

cats more so than dogs but still incomplete

Question 20

what view is being taken in this photo? what are the target structures associated with this view?

Answer 20

open-mouth, rostral 30° ventral - caudodorsal oblique

looking at the tympanic bullae

Question 21

this positioning is used for obtaining what radiographic view?

Answer 21

open-mouth, rostral 30° ventral - caudodorsal oblique

tympanic bullae