Exam 1 - Equine Dentistry Flashcards
what is the tooth eruption sequence in horses of deciduous teeth?
I1 - 6 days
I2 - 6 weeks
I3 - 6 months
PM2-PM4 - present at birth
what is the tooth eruption sequence in horses of permanent teeth?
I1 - 2.5 years
I2 - 3.5 years
I3 - 4.5 years
C - 4-5 years
PM1 - 6 months
PM2 - 2.5 years
PM3 - 3 years
PM4 - 4 years
M1 - 10-12 months
M2 - 2 years
M3 - 3.5 years
what is the deciduous teeth formula in horses?
2 (I 3/3, PM 3/3) = 24 teeth total
what is the adult teeth formula in horses?
2 (I 3/3, C1(0)/1(0), PM 3(4)/3(4), M 3/3) = 36 to 44 teeth depending on the presence of canines & wolf teeth (PM1)
what cheek teeth do not have an infundibulum?
mandibular cheek teeth!!!!
what cheek teeth have 2 infundibulum?
maxillary cheek teeth
what is the benefit of using butorphanol when sedating a horse for an oral/dental exam?
you reduce tongue motion & chewing
horse may get twitchy
what are the benefits of using tolazoline (alpha-2 reversal) for a dental exam in a horse? what are the adverse effects?
reduce ataxia, prevent choke, & reduce dependent pulmonary edema
vasodilation, tachycardia, tachypnea, collapse, & death
what components make up the complete oral examination of a horse?
- extraoral exam
- occlusion
- periodontal exam
- endodontal exam
- oral soft tissue exam
why may a horse present with abnormal facial symmetry?
muscle atrophy, soft tissue enlargement, bony enlargement/indentation, neurological problem, & skull deformity
why may a horse present with abnormal swelling on its head?
tooth-root disease, eruption cysts, neoplasia, sinus problems, & trauma
what are some indicators of periodontal disease in a horse?
periodontal pocketing of roughage, gingivitis, bleeding, valve diastema, gum recession, irritation/bleeding, odor, calculus accumulation, & chewing difficulty
what diagnostics are required to evaluate a horse for periodontal disease?
rads to actually stage the disease
what are the different stages of periodontal disease in horses?
stage 0 - normal, no attachment loss, & <5mm probe depth
stage 1 - gingivitis, no attachment loss, & <5mm probe depth
stage 2 - early disease, < 25% attachment loss, & 5-10mm probe depth
stage 3 - moderate disease, 25-50% attachment loss, > 10mm probe depth
stage 4 - advanced disease, > 50% attachment loss, > 10mm probe depth
what are some examples of endodontic abnormalities seen on oral examination of a horse?
fractures
cavities
necrotic occlusal dentin
necrotic pulp exposure
what should you do if you see a tooth fracture during an oral exam of a horse?
rads of the mouth
what is included in the oral soft tissues of the equine mouth?
mucosa of the oral cavity, lips, cheeks, tongue, & gingiva
what is malocclusion 1?
normal relationship of the maxillary & mandibular dental arches with malpositioning of one or more teeth:
version, overlong tooth opposite missing tooth, or supernumerary tooth
what malocclusion type is seen here?
malocclusion 1 - version of teeth
what malocclusion type is seen here?
malocclusion 1 - overlong tooth opposite a missing tooth
what is malocclusion 2?
abnormal rostral-caudal relationship between dental arches where the mandibular arch occludes caudal to its normal position with the maxilla
incisor overbite or cheek tooth hook or ramp
what is this called? what malocclusion type is it?
overjet/parrot mouth/brachygnathism
malocclusion 2
what malocclusion type is this?
malocclusion 2
what malocclusion type is this?
malocclusion 2
