Exam 1 - Companion Animal Nasal Discharge

Question 1

what are some systemic differentials for epistaxis in dogs & cats?

Answer 1

coagulopathy

vasculitis

hypertension

polycythemia

Question 2

what are some primary nasal disease disease differentials for epistaxis in dogs & cats?

Answer 2

neoplasia

aspergillosis

acute trauma

acute foreign body

Question 3

T/F: in a patient with epistaxis, it is important to run a coagulation panel to rule out coagulopathy before doing a nasal biopsy

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what are some systemic differentials for mucopurulent discharge +/- blood in dogs & cats?

Answer 4

pneumonia

regurgitation

Question 5

what are some primary nasal disease differentials for mucopurulent discharge +/- blood in dogs & cats?

Answer 5

tumor

fungal infection

foreign body

chronic rhinitis

tooth root abscess

nasal mites

Question 6

what are the advantages & disadvantages of using CT, rhinoscopy, & biopsies for working up a dog or cat with nasal disease?

Answer 6

advantages - provides a diagnosis 80% of the time, ct gives you a detailed image of turbinates, nasal septum, hard palate, & cribiform plate

disadvantages - doesn’t tell you tumor type, can’t visualize the whole nose with the scope, & can be hard to rule out nasal foreign bodies if just doing a blind biopsy

Question 7

what is the main risk of failing to rule out a coagulopathy prior to doing a work-up for primary nasal disease?

Answer 7

risk of hemorrhage - especially if doing blind biopsies

Question 8

if you perform blind nasal biopsies on a middle-aged dog with chronic, bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge & the histopathology shows mixed cell inflammation, what would you do next?

Answer 8

rhinoscopy with CT

Question 9

what landmark is used when performing blind nasal biopsies to avoid passing the instrument beyond the cribiform plate?

Answer 9

medial canthus of the eye

Question 10

what are the most common side effects of topical clotrimazole therapy for nasal aspergillosis?

Answer 10

pharyngeal irritation, aspiration pneumonia, & meningoencephalitis if the cribiform plate isn’t intact

Question 11

what is the average survival time of a cat with localized, large cell nasal lymphoma that is treated with radiation or appropriate chemotherapy?

Answer 11

6-30 months

Question 12

what are the most common complications following removal of a feline nasal polyp by traction?

Answer 12

horner’s syndrome & recurrence of the polyp