Exam 1 Session 3 Flashcards
The covalent bond is formed between the ____ group of one amino acid and the ____ group of another.
Alpha carboxyl, alpha amino
Individual amino acids can be linked by forming _____ bonds.
Covalent
____ is eliminated in the process and the linked amino acid residues remain. This is called ______.
Water, dehydration synthesis reaction
A bond formed in this way is called a _____.
Peptide bond
_____ are compounds formed by linking small numbers of amino acids.
Peptides
The bond between the amino acids links a ___ atom to a ___ atom.
C, N
This bond can be shown as a single bond or a double bound. This is known as/ called _____ because it has partial double bound characteristics.
Resonance or hybrid
Peptide bonds are __ and ___ but that does not necessarily mean that thy are strong.
Rigid, planar
Because the bond is rigid you lose _____ with respect to the peptide bond.
Freedom of rotation
The side groups can also cause _____ that can limit freedom.
Steric clashes
____ is the favorable configuration of the peptide because it minimizes the free energy ( following thermodynamic laws)
Trans
The only notable amino acid that does not prefer the trans configuration is ____.
Proline
_____ refers to the specific amino acid sequence in which the _____ bond is the only covalent linkage between successive amino acids.
Primary structure, peptide
____ may serve as covalent intrachain linkage while non covalent intrachain and interchain linkages are mostly _____.
Disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds
One end of the proteins primary structure ends in a ___. It is called the __ terminus. The other side ends in a _____. It is called the ___ terminus.
Free amino group, N, carboxyl group, C
Some modification in the primary structure is okay, but sometimes it can be lethal. What is an example?
Sickle cell anemia
____ refers to the helical or extended arrangement of the polypeptide chain along a single long axis.
Secondary structure
The two major types of secondary structure are?
Alpha helix and beta pleated sheets
In alpha helices the carbonyl oxygen in the first residue ____ with an amino nitrogen that is ___ residues upstream.
Hydrogen bonds, 4
This is called the ____?
Nth plus 4 rule
There are other forms of alpha helices that differ by ?
The number of residues per turn
The beta pleated sheet can give a 2D array and can involve ____ polypeptide chains.
1 or more
