exam 1 reworked

Question 1

differential privacy

Answer 1

a method of protecting data that adds enough statistical noise to a published table so that no one can be recognized in the data

Question 2

demand characteristics

Answer 2

the process whereby research subjects, when they become aware of a study’s hypothesis, behave in a way that confirms the hypothesis

Question 3

difference between micro and macro sociology

Answer 3

macro sociology is the study of large scale social systems while micro sociology is a study of personal concerns and interpersonal interactions

Question 4

sociological imagination

Answer 4

recognizes our personal experiences are powerfully shaped by macrosocial and historical forces

Question 5

the Tuskegee syphilis experiment: deliberate harm

Answer 5

1932-1972, the us public health services conducted a long term study of untreated syphilis in 400 poor African American men who had advanced syphilis. the men were not told they were infected with the disease and were under the impression they were receiving treatments but were really given placebos.

Question 6

the Belmont report of ‘79

Answer 6

issued by the national commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research

Question 7

the milgram obedience experiment

Answer 7

wanted to study how ordinary people could commit atrocities like the nazis in WWII

Question 8

controversy over IRBs

Answer 8

people believe the IRB has overstepped their bounds and are suppressing social science research

Question 9

who created sociology?

Answer 9

august comte

Question 10

olympics: Japan vs US

Answer 10

American media focuses more on individual achievements while Japanese media pays more attention to the social contexts that produce individual achievements

Question 11

spuriousness example

Answer 11

economic hardship and children’s behavioral problems linked. They appear to have a relationship but only because there is a third factor influencing them both.

Question 12

literature review

Answer 12

provides info ab how the topic is usually studied, the theories often associated with it, the general pattern of findings, and the common challenges faced

Question 13

what are the four sociological paradigms

Answer 13

structural functionalism
conflict
rational choice
symbolic interactionism

Question 14

intersectionality

Answer 14

how intersecting social identities can result in discrimination or privelege

Question 15

repeated cross sectional design

Answer 15

a type of longitudinal study in which data are collected at multiple time points, but from different subjects at each time point

Question 16

ethnography

Answer 16

the study of people in their own environment through the use of methods such as participant observations and face-to-face interviewing

Question 17

American sociological association code of ethics

Answer 17

act ethically in their relations w one another, in their interactions w the public, in their roles as teachers and supervisors of grad students

Question 18

attrition

Answer 18

the loss of sample members over time, usually to death or dropout, in panel studies

Question 19

explanatory research

Answer 19

documents the causes and effects of social phenomena, thus addressing questions of why

Question 20

purposes of theory

Answer 20

to describe
to explain
to explore

Question 21

inductive approach

Answer 21

process by which scientists draw up a general understanding of social phenomenon through empirical observations

Question 22

deductive approach

Answer 22

the translation of general theory into specific empirical analysis

Question 23

national research act of ‘74

Answer 23

established institutional review boards to protect human subjects against ethical violations in research

Question 24

what was the ethical issue with the nuremburg code

Answer 24

retraumatizing people

Question 25

suppression

Answer 25

keeping data out of the public so they dont do deliberate harm

Question 26

mario small concluded that

Answer 26

social network is quantitative but you have to take qualitative data to really understand the process

Question 27

what is the purpose of theory

Answer 27

to explain and illuminate some element of social life

Question 28

a sociological theory must

Answer 28

link together a series of ideas to create an argument

Question 29

variable

Answer 29

has to be a number thats varying

Question 30

literature review

Answer 30

identifies gaps in the existing knowledge

Question 31

what is essential in ethics

Answer 31

permission

Question 32

if law enforcement wants your data do you have to hand it over?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

how do sociologists approach history

Answer 33

by focusing on the social problems of the past and present

Question 34

any institution that receives federal funding must have a

Answer 34

IRB

Question 35

inductive approach

Answer 35

moves from concrete to abstract

Question 36

deductive approach

Answer 36

moves from abstract to concrete