exam 1 reworked Flashcards
differential privacy
a method of protecting data that adds enough statistical noise to a published table so that no one can be recognized in the data
demand characteristics
the process whereby research subjects, when they become aware of a study’s hypothesis, behave in a way that confirms the hypothesis
difference between micro and macro sociology
macro sociology is the study of large scale social systems while micro sociology is a study of personal concerns and interpersonal interactions
sociological imagination
recognizes our personal experiences are powerfully shaped by macrosocial and historical forces
the Tuskegee syphilis experiment: deliberate harm
1932-1972, the us public health services conducted a long term study of untreated syphilis in 400 poor African American men who had advanced syphilis. the men were not told they were infected with the disease and were under the impression they were receiving treatments but were really given placebos.
the Belmont report of ‘79
issued by the national commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research
the milgram obedience experiment
wanted to study how ordinary people could commit atrocities like the nazis in WWII
controversy over IRBs
people believe the IRB has overstepped their bounds and are suppressing social science research
who created sociology?
august comte
olympics: Japan vs US
American media focuses more on individual achievements while Japanese media pays more attention to the social contexts that produce individual achievements
spuriousness example
economic hardship and children’s behavioral problems linked. They appear to have a relationship but only because there is a third factor influencing them both.
literature review
provides info ab how the topic is usually studied, the theories often associated with it, the general pattern of findings, and the common challenges faced
what are the four sociological paradigms
structural functionalism
conflict
rational choice
symbolic interactionism
intersectionality
how intersecting social identities can result in discrimination or privelege
repeated cross sectional design
a type of longitudinal study in which data are collected at multiple time points, but from different subjects at each time point
ethnography
the study of people in their own environment through the use of methods such as participant observations and face-to-face interviewing
American sociological association code of ethics
act ethically in their relations w one another, in their interactions w the public, in their roles as teachers and supervisors of grad students
attrition
the loss of sample members over time, usually to death or dropout, in panel studies
explanatory research
documents the causes and effects of social phenomena, thus addressing questions of why
purposes of theory
to describe
to explain
to explore
inductive approach
process by which scientists draw up a general understanding of social phenomenon through empirical observations
deductive approach
the translation of general theory into specific empirical analysis
national research act of ‘74
established institutional review boards to protect human subjects against ethical violations in research
what was the ethical issue with the nuremburg code
retraumatizing people
suppression
keeping data out of the public so they dont do deliberate harm
mario small concluded that
social network is quantitative but you have to take qualitative data to really understand the process
what is the purpose of theory
to explain and illuminate some element of social life
a sociological theory must
link together a series of ideas to create an argument
variable
has to be a number thats varying
literature review
identifies gaps in the existing knowledge
what is essential in ethics
permission
if law enforcement wants your data do you have to hand it over?
yes
how do sociologists approach history
by focusing on the social problems of the past and present
any institution that receives federal funding must have a
IRB
inductive approach
moves from concrete to abstract
deductive approach
moves from abstract to concrete
