EXAM 1 REVIEW (Unit 3)

Question 1

Because of cell size limitation, What can happen when the inside of the cell becomes too large?

Answer 1

the plasma membrane may rupture

Question 2

Microvilli, cilia, and flagellum are all ________

Answer 2

specialized cells

Question 3

_______ are specialized cells that are extensions of the plasma membrane

Answer 3

microvilli

Question 4

What is the difference between cilia and flagellum?

Answer 4

Cilia are short and there are lots of them, they surround the entire plasma membrane usually
Flagellum are long and few

Question 5

The only functional flagellum in humans is the ______

Answer 5

sperm cell

Question 6

nature likes _______

Answer 6

equality

Question 7

A ________ is composed of a solvent and solute

Answer 7

solution

Question 8

The _______ is the substance that is being dissolved

Answer 8

solute

Question 9

the _______ is the dissolving medium

Answer 9

solvent

Question 10

In a concentration gradient, a solution/solute will move from ____________________________

Answer 10

An area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 11

HIGH to LOW is called going ______ the concentration gradient and requires no energy

Answer 11

with (or down)

Question 12

To go ________ the concentration gradient requires lots of energy (because its against nature)

Answer 12

against (or up)

Question 13

The electrical charge outside of the nerve cell at resting is _______

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

As permeability changes the polarity of the plasma membrane shifts from ______ on the inside to ________ on the outside

Answer 14

Outside- negative
inside- positive

Question 15

Our nerves work using action potentials that are created by the_______

Answer 15

SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP

Question 16

Na is ________ the cell and K is ________ the cell (remember: NaCK)

Answer 16

Na is outside
CK is inside

Question 17

Why is the cell + on the outside and – on the inside when we use Na+ and K+?

Answer 17

because there is more positive ions being pumped out than in

Question 18

the ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure________

Answer 18

tonicity

Question 19

a __________ solution causes cells to swell

Answer 19

Hypotonic (example: distilled water)

Question 20

A ________ solution causes cells to shrink

Answer 20

Hypertonic (example:sea water)

Question 21

In a ______ solution the cell is not effected

Answer 21

Isotonic (example: Saline solution)

Question 22

What solution is the best to give intravenously?

Answer 22

Isotonic solutions (such as 0.9% saline)

Question 23

PASSIVE movement across the membrane moves _________ energy and _______ the concentration gradient

Answer 23

Without energy, and with the concentration gradient

Question 24

ACTIVE movement across the membrane is (with or without) energy and moves (with or against) the concentration gradient?

Answer 24

With energy, against the concentration gradient

Question 25

What are examples of passive transport across the membrane?

Answer 25

Simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 26

What are examples of ACTIVE transport across the membrane?

Answer 26

Sodium Pump

Question 27

what are the two types of vesicular transport?

Answer 27

Endocytosis(into cell), and exocytosis(exit cell)

Question 28

Organelles in one word: Cytokskeleton

Answer 28

scaffolding

Question 29

Organelles in one word: Centrioles

Answer 29

cell division

Question 30

Organelles in one word: Rough ER

Answer 30

protein production

Question 31

Organelles in one word: Smooth ER

Answer 31

fat production

Question 32

Organelles in one word: Golgi Complex

Answer 32

packaging

Question 33

Organelles in one word: Lysosomes

Answer 33

garbage collectors

Question 34

Organelles in one word: Mitochondria

Answer 34

ATP production

Question 35

Organelles in one word: Nucleus

Answer 35

Chromosomes

Question 36

Organelles in one word: Nucleoli

Answer 36

r-RNA (ribosomes) assembly