EXAM 1 REVIEW (Unit 2) Flashcards
______ has mass (weight) and occupies space
matter
All matter is composed of _____
atoms
A single atom can also be called an_________
element
An atom is the smallest or biggest particle of matter?
smallest
An element is something that CAN or CANNOT be broken down?
CANNOT
atom with another atom =
molecule
What are the most abundant elements in your body? (remember: PHONiCC)
Phosphorus, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Calcium
(remember: PHONiCC)
What’s an atom that’s not reactive called?
Stable atom
What’s an atom that’s very reactive called?
An unstable atom
how do you know if an atom is stable?
It has an equal number of protons and electrons (its balanced)
-A stable atom has a net charge of 0
Ions that have a positive charge are called positive ions, but they can also be called_________
Cation
Ions that have a negative charge are called negative ions but they can also be called_____
anions
Ions that conduct electricity we call______
electrolytes
REDOX stands for_______________
Reduction Oxidation Reaction
In REDOX reactions the atom that gains an electron is ________
REDUCED (these atoms gain energy)
In REDOX reactions: The atom that loses an electron is _________
OXIDIZED (the atom loses energy)
If you put two or more elements together you get a ________
molecule
molecules of at least two different elements are called __________
compounds (example: water or H2O)
All compounds are molecules but ______________
not all molecules are compounds (example: O2)
molecules are held together by
chemical bonds
What are the three kinds of chemical bonds?
- Covalent
- Ionic
- Hydrogen
What’s the strength of each chemical bond?
1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Hydrogen
- Covalent- strong bond
- Ionic- weak bond
- Hydrogen- weakest bond
The covalent bond has two types….
polar or non-polar
A Hydrogen Bond is _____ hydrogen atoms bonded together
not
When hydrogen atoms bond together this is called a ______ bond
Covalent bond
A hydrogen bond example would be: two________ molecules together
water molecules
the measure of heat from the molecular motion of a substance is called _________
temperature
What is the movement of the water molecules in a SOLID?
no movement of the water molecules (0 centigrade)
What is the movement of the water molecules in a GAS?
maximum movement of molecules. They are far apart. (100 Centigrade)
as you go from ice to steam the _______ (movement) of the molecules increase and so does heat
kinetic
If you have more ________ ions the solution is more acid
hydrogen atoms (H+)
If you have more _______ ions the solution is a base or alkaline
hydroxide ions (OH-)
the greater the hydrogen ions (H+) the ______ the PH
lower
all living things contain
carbon
all things that contain carbon are considered________
organic compounds
Inorganic compounds don’t contain ______
carbon (example:fertilizers)
how many bonding sites does carbon have?
4 (this makes carbon versatile and stable)
______is considered the backbone of living things
carbon
____ is the molecule that supplies the cell with energy, it is the “universal energy currency”
ATP
ATP stands for _______
Adenosine Tri Phosphate
Adenine is a _______ base
nucleotide
Once ATP expends energy ____ is formed
ADP (Adenosine Di Phosphate)
ADP and one phosphate is called________
ATP
ATP is made from ADP. by __________
cellular respiration
A protein is a molecule made up of _______ acids
amino acids
Polymer of amino acids is called a ________chain
polypeptide chain
the bonds that form between amino acids are called______
peptide bonds
What is the simplest polypeptide (protein)?
INSULIN (consists of 51 amino acids)
