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Anatomy & Physiology I > EXAM 1 REVIEW (Unit 2) > Flashcards

EXAM 1 REVIEW (Unit 2) Flashcards

1
Q

______ has mass (weight) and occupies space

A

matter

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2
Q

All matter is composed of _____

A

atoms

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3
Q

A single atom can also be called an_________

A

element

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4
Q

An atom is the smallest or biggest particle of matter?

A

smallest

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5
Q

An element is something that CAN or CANNOT be broken down?

A

CANNOT

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6
Q

atom with another atom =

A

molecule

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7
Q

What are the most abundant elements in your body? (remember: PHONiCC)

A

Phosphorus, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Calcium
(remember: PHONiCC)

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8
Q

What’s an atom that’s not reactive called?

A

Stable atom

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9
Q

What’s an atom that’s very reactive called?

A

An unstable atom

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10
Q

how do you know if an atom is stable?

A

It has an equal number of protons and electrons (its balanced)

-A stable atom has a net charge of 0

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11
Q

Ions that have a positive charge are called positive ions, but they can also be called_________

A

Cation

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12
Q

Ions that have a negative charge are called negative ions but they can also be called_____

A

anions

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13
Q

Ions that conduct electricity we call______

A

electrolytes

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14
Q

REDOX stands for_______________

A

Reduction Oxidation Reaction

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15
Q

In REDOX reactions the atom that gains an electron is ________

A

REDUCED (these atoms gain energy)

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16
Q

In REDOX reactions: The atom that loses an electron is _________

A

OXIDIZED (the atom loses energy)

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17
Q

If you put two or more elements together you get a ________

A

molecule

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18
Q

molecules of at least two different elements are called __________

A

compounds (example: water or H2O)

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19
Q

All compounds are molecules but ______________

A

not all molecules are compounds (example: O2)

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20
Q

molecules are held together by

A

chemical bonds

21
Q

What are the three kinds of chemical bonds?

A
  1. Covalent
  2. Ionic
  3. Hydrogen
22
Q

What’s the strength of each chemical bond?
1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Hydrogen

A
  1. Covalent- strong bond
  2. Ionic- weak bond
  3. Hydrogen- weakest bond
23
Q

The covalent bond has two types….

A

polar or non-polar

24
Q

A Hydrogen Bond is _____ hydrogen atoms bonded together

A

not

25
Q

When hydrogen atoms bond together this is called a ______ bond

A

Covalent bond

26
Q

A hydrogen bond example would be: two________ molecules together

A

water molecules

27
Q

the measure of heat from the molecular motion of a substance is called _________

A

temperature

28
Q

What is the movement of the water molecules in a SOLID?

A

no movement of the water molecules (0 centigrade)

29
Q

What is the movement of the water molecules in a GAS?

A

maximum movement of molecules. They are far apart. (100 Centigrade)

30
Q

as you go from ice to steam the _______ (movement) of the molecules increase and so does heat

A

kinetic

31
Q

If you have more ________ ions the solution is more acid

A

hydrogen atoms (H+)

32
Q

If you have more _______ ions the solution is a base or alkaline

A

hydroxide ions (OH-)

33
Q

the greater the hydrogen ions (H+) the ______ the PH

A

lower

34
Q

all living things contain

A

carbon

35
Q

all things that contain carbon are considered________

A

organic compounds

36
Q

Inorganic compounds don’t contain ______

A

carbon (example:fertilizers)

37
Q

how many bonding sites does carbon have?

A

4 (this makes carbon versatile and stable)

38
Q

______is considered the backbone of living things

A

carbon

39
Q

____ is the molecule that supplies the cell with energy, it is the “universal energy currency”

A

ATP

40
Q

ATP stands for _______

A

Adenosine Tri Phosphate

41
Q

Adenine is a _______ base

A

nucleotide

42
Q

Once ATP expends energy ____ is formed

A

ADP (Adenosine Di Phosphate)

43
Q

ADP and one phosphate is called________

A

ATP

44
Q

ATP is made from ADP. by __________

A

cellular respiration

45
Q

A protein is a molecule made up of _______ acids

A

amino acids

46
Q

Polymer of amino acids is called a ________chain

A

polypeptide chain

47
Q

the bonds that form between amino acids are called______

A

peptide bonds

48
Q

What is the simplest polypeptide (protein)?

A

INSULIN (consists of 51 amino acids)

Anatomy & Physiology I (12 decks)

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