Exam 1 Review Questions Flashcards
TGF-B often utilizes which of the following kinds of pathways?
A. Hedgehog
B. Delta notch
C. Wnt
D. Receptor tyrosine kinase
E. Retinol
D. Receptor tyrosine kinase
The zona pellucida:
A. Aids in penetration of the endometrial epithelium
B. Serve as a source of nutrients for the embryo
C. Prevents premature implantation for the cleaving embryo
D. All the above
E. None of the above
C. Prevents premature implantation of the cleaving embryo
What is the most common condition associated with spontaneously aborted embryos?
A. Maternal imprinting
B. Paternal imprinting
C. Ectopic pregnancy
D. Chromosomal abnormalities
E. Lacke of X-chromosomal inactivation
D. Chromosomal abnormalities
The principal energy source for ejaculated spermatozoa is:
A. Prostatic acid phosphatase
B. Internal glucose
C. Prostatic citric acid
D. Fructose in seminal vesicle fluid
E. Glycogen released form the vaginal epithelium
D. Fructose in seminal vesicle fluid
During oogenesis there are two meiotic arrests. The first meiotic arrest occurs at which of the following stages of meiosis?
A. Diplotene stage of prophase I
B. Diakinesis stage of prophase I
C. Metaphase I
D. Anaphase I
E. Metaphase II
A. Diplotene stage of prophase I
After the first meiotic arrest, the secondary oocyte resumes meiosis at the time of ovulation. This resumption of meiosis is enabled by closure of gap junctions between granulosa cells and the oocyte, resulting in a reduction in the flow of cAMP into the oocyte. Which of the following is responsible for shutting down the gap junctions?
A. LH
B. FSH
C. Progesterone
D. Estrogen
A. LH
Of the barriers to sperm survival and transport within the female reproductive tract, low pH is most important in the:
A. Upper uterine tube B. Lower uterine tube C. Uterine cavity D. Cervix E. Vagina
E. Vagina
Capacitation involves the removal of cholesterol and glycoproteins from the sperm surface. It is necessary for the sperm to fertilize the egg. Capacitation occurs in which part of the following locations?
A. Isthmus of oviduct
B. Ampulla of oviduct
C. Epididymus
D. Vas deferens
A. Isthmus of the oviduct
Which of the following refers to the process by which a cell or part of an embryo becomes restricted to a given developmental pathway?
A. Morphogenesis
B. Differentiation
C. Ontogeny
D. Determination
D. Determination
In meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes begins during which of the following stages of prophase I?
A. Leptotene
B. Zygotene
C. Pachytene
D. Diplotene
B. Zygotene
Which of the following best describes the oogonium in the ovary during the early fetal period?
A. Haploid oogonium with a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells
B. Diploid oogonium with no follicle cells
C. Haploid oogonium with no follicle cells
D. Diploid oogonium with a few flattened follicle cells
B. Diploid oogonium with no follicle cells
What tissue from the implanting embryo directly interfaces with the endometrial connective tissue?
A. Corona radiata
B. Inner cell mass
C. Extraembryonic mesoderm
D. Epiblast
E. Syncytiotrophoblast
E. Syncytiotrophoblast
Primordial germ cells migrate from their point of origin in the very early embryo into the developing gonads. In mammalian embryos and many other vertebrate embryos, the primordial germ cells originate from and are first observed in which of the following locations?
A. Hindgut B. Dorsal mesentery C. Primitive streak D. Yolk sac E. Chorion
D. Yolk sac
Which of the following signaling pathways is often involved in lateral inhibition?
A. Hedgehog
B. Delta notch
C. Wnt
D. Receptor tyrosine kinase
E. Retinol
B. Delta notch
A mutation of what receptor is the basis for basal carcinomas of the skin?
A. Patched B. Retinoic acid C. Notch D. FGF receptor E. None of the above
A. Patched
Identical twinning is made possible by what process or property of the early embryo?
A. Regulation B. Aneuploidy C. Paternal imprinting D. Maternal imprinting E. X-chromosomal inactivation
A. Regulation
