Exam 1 Review Anatomy And Physiology Intro Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
The study of the structure of an organism and relationships of its parts.
What is Physiology?
The study of functions of living organisms and their parts.
What is pathology?
The scientific study of disease.
What is the scientific method?
Observations,
Hypothesis,
Experiment,
Data,
Bias? Y/N, Y- go back to Experiment, N- proceed Refine Hypothesis
Repeat Experiments
Accept as Theory (if results are consistent), Accept as Law (if Unusually High Confidence).
What is a hypothesis?
A reasonable hues based on previous informal observations or on previously tested explanations.
What make up the chemical level of organization?
Atoms and Molecules.
What are cells?
The smallest structural units; organizations of various chemicals.
What are tissues?
Organizations of similar cells.
What are organs?
Organizations of different kinds of tissues.
What are systems?
Organizations of many different kinds of organs.
What are the microscopic levels of organization?
(Chemical Level) Atoms, molecules
(Organelle Level) Vesicles
(Cellular level) Neurons
(Tissue level) Group of neurons & support cells
What are the Gross (large) levels of organization?
Organ system level consisting of: Integumentary (skin) Skeletal Muscular Cardiovascular Endocrine Nervous Lymphatic/Immune Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive
What is Anatomical position?
Standing erect feet slightly apart, arms at sides with palms forward. Gives meaning to directional terms.
What are anatomical directions?
Superior/Inferior
Anterior/Posterior
Proximal/Distal
Medial/Lateral
What does Superior mean?
Toward the head, upper, above.
What does Inferior mean?
Toward the feet, lower, below.
What does Anterior mean?
Front, in front of (ventral).
What does Posterior mean?
Back, in back of (Dorsal).
What does Proximal mean?
Toward or nearest the trunk, or nearest the point of origin of a structure.
What does Distal mean?
Away from or farthest from the trunk, or farthest from a structure’s point of origin.
What does Medial mean?
Toward the midline (median) of a structure.
The midline or median is drawn from the head to the feet to separate the right and left sides of the body into two equal parts.
What does Lateral mean?
Away from the midline or toward the side (right or left) of a structure.
What are the planes of the body?
Saggital
Midsagittal
Frontal (Coronal)
Transverse
What is the Sagittal Plane?
Lengthwise plane that divides a structure into right and left (unequal) sections.
What is the Midsagittal Plane?
Sagittal plane that divides the body into two equal halves.
What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?
Lengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior sections.
What is the Transverse Plane?
Horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections.
What are the two major body cavities?
Dorsal and Ventral
What does the Dorsal body cavity contain?
Cranial Cavity (space in skull- contains brain) Spinal Cavity (space inside spinal column/contains spinal cord).
What does the Ventral Body Cavity contain?
Thoracic Cavity Pleural Cavities Mediastinum Diaphragm Abdominal Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity Pelvic Cavity
