Exam 1 Review Anatomy And Physiology Intro

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

The study of the structure of an organism and relationships of its parts.

Question 2

What is Physiology?

Answer 2

The study of functions of living organisms and their parts.

Question 3

What is pathology?

Answer 3

The scientific study of disease.

Question 4

What is the scientific method?

Answer 4

Observations,
Hypothesis,
Experiment,
Data,
Bias? Y/N, Y- go back to Experiment, N- proceed Refine Hypothesis
Repeat Experiments
Accept as Theory (if results are consistent), Accept as Law (if Unusually High Confidence).

Question 5

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 5

A reasonable hues based on previous informal observations or on previously tested explanations.

Question 6

What make up the chemical level of organization?

Answer 6

Atoms and Molecules.

Question 7

What are cells?

Answer 7

The smallest structural units; organizations of various chemicals.

Question 8

What are tissues?

Answer 8

Organizations of similar cells.

Question 9

What are organs?

Answer 9

Organizations of different kinds of tissues.

Question 10

What are systems?

Answer 10

Organizations of many different kinds of organs.

Question 11

What are the microscopic levels of organization?

Answer 11

(Chemical Level) Atoms, molecules
(Organelle Level) Vesicles
(Cellular level) Neurons
(Tissue level) Group of neurons & support cells

Question 12

What are the Gross (large) levels of organization?

Answer 12

Organ system level consisting of:
Integumentary (skin)
Skeletal
Muscular
Cardiovascular
Endocrine
Nervous
Lymphatic/Immune
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

Question 13

What is Anatomical position?

Answer 13

Standing erect feet slightly apart, arms at sides with palms forward. Gives meaning to directional terms.

Question 14

What are anatomical directions?

Answer 14

Superior/Inferior
Anterior/Posterior
Proximal/Distal
Medial/Lateral

Question 15

What does Superior mean?

Answer 15

Toward the head, upper, above.

Question 16

What does Inferior mean?

Answer 16

Toward the feet, lower, below.

Question 17

What does Anterior mean?

Answer 17

Front, in front of (ventral).

Question 18

What does Posterior mean?

Answer 18

Back, in back of (Dorsal).

Question 19

What does Proximal mean?

Answer 19

Toward or nearest the trunk, or nearest the point of origin of a structure.

Question 20

What does Distal mean?

Answer 20

Away from or farthest from the trunk, or farthest from a structure’s point of origin.

Question 21

What does Medial mean?

Answer 21

Toward the midline (median) of a structure.
The midline or median is drawn from the head to the feet to separate the right and left sides of the body into two equal parts.

Question 22

What does Lateral mean?

Answer 22

Away from the midline or toward the side (right or left) of a structure.

Question 23

What are the planes of the body?

Answer 23

Saggital
Midsagittal
Frontal (Coronal)
Transverse

Question 24

What is the Sagittal Plane?

Answer 24

Lengthwise plane that divides a structure into right and left (unequal) sections.

Question 25

What is the Midsagittal Plane?

Answer 25

Sagittal plane that divides the body into two equal halves.

Question 26

What is the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

Answer 26

Lengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior sections.

Question 27

What is the Transverse Plane?

Answer 27

Horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower sections.

Question 28

What are the two major body cavities?

Answer 28

Dorsal and Ventral

Question 29

What does the Dorsal body cavity contain?

Answer 29

``` Cranial Cavity (space in skull- contains brain) Spinal Cavity (space inside spinal column/contains spinal cord). ```

Question 30

What does the Ventral Body Cavity contain?

Answer 30

``` Thoracic Cavity Pleural Cavities Mediastinum Diaphragm Abdominal Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity Pelvic Cavity ```