Bio 123 Final Exam Flashcards
Cumulative End of Semester Exam
The structure of an organism and relationships of its parts is referred to as… ?
Anatomy
Ensuring normal balance of the body’s internal environment is called… ?
Homeostasis
In terms of direction, the top of the head is located… ?
Superior
The smallest unit of matter is an (1) and it has (2) and (3) in its nucleus.
1) Atom
2) Protons
3) Neutrons
What is the charge of protons? Electrons? And neutrons?
Protons = + (positive) Electrons = - (negative) Neutrons = no charge
(1) are solutions that have low hydrogen ions (H+) and (2) are solutions that have high hydrogen ions (H+).
1) Bases
2) Acids
The body uses energy in the form of ?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
A bond between + and - charged molecules is (1) and a bond created by the sharing of electrons in the outer shell is a (2) bond.
1) Ionic
2) Covalent
The movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration is called…?
Diffusion
What is “Human Organization”?
Cells make tissues-> tissues make organs-> organs make organ systems.
What are the 5 types of tissues?
1) Smooth
2) Connective
3) Epithelial
4) Nerve
5) Muscle
Unknown cause of disease is called?
Idiopathic
Inflammation is the body’s normal response to an attack or injury. 4 signs include ?
Redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
Antibiotics are ONLY used to treat (1) infections. They ARE NOT used to treat (2), fungal infections or any other types of infections.
1) bacterial
2) viruses
When a cancerous tumor spreads to a second location it is called ?
Metastasis
Sebaceous glands secrete (1) or (2) for hair and skin.
1) Sebum
2) Oil
Inflammation of sebaceous gland is called ?
Acne Vulgaris
Our bones are part of what system?
The Skeletal System
Functions of the skeletal system include: (1) of internal organs, (2) of our framework, (3) and (4).
1) Protection
2) Support
3) Movement
4) Blood Cell Production (hematopoiesis)
(1) is responsible for producing blood cells and is found in (2).
1) Red bone marrow
2) Spongy Bone
Bone growth occurs at the (?) of long bones.
Epiphyseal plate
Broken bones are called (?) They can be open (when skin is opened) or closed (when outside skin remains closed).
Fractures
Muscle cells are called?
Muscle fibers
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
1) Cardiac muscle tissue
2) Skeletal muscle tissue
3) Smooth muscle tissue
Animal (including humans) cells are made up of what 4 things?
1) cytoplasm
2) organelles
3) nucleus
4) cell membrane
What is the organelles that makes ATP (energy)?
Mitochondria
What is the organelles that makes proteins (protein synthesis) based on our DNA.
Ribosomes
(1) are blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients enter the tissue and (2) is where waste leaves the tissue.
1) Arteries
2) Veins
Blood that enters the right side of the heart is (1) oxygen while blood entering the left side of the heart is (2) in oxygen.
1) lacking (deoxygenated)
2) rich (oxygenated)
The (1) arteries supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients. If these arteries get blocked a person can have a (2).
1) Coronary
2) myocardial infarction (heart attack)
The brain and spinal cord are part of the (1) nervous system and all other nerves are part of the (2) nervous system.
1) Central (CNS)
2) Peripheral (PNS)
White matter (made of myelin sheath) causes conduction to move fast along a nerve cell. This type of conduction is called ?
Saltatory Conduction
Blocked arteries are usually due to a clot. Blocked arteries in heart, lung, and brain are called?
Carotid Artery Disease
A blocked vein in the leg or arm is called a (?) and can lead to pulmonary embolism, heart attack (MI) or stroke.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT blood clot)
The (?) System uses hormones as chemical messengers to signal the body to carry out processes in order to maintain homeostasis.
Endocrine
Whole blood is composed of ?
Plasma and formed elements
Formed elements include ?
White blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
(?) Is a hormone released by the brain that helps regulate the body’s sleep cycle.
Melatonin
Antigens are ?
Anything that can cause an immune response.
What is normal blood pressure?
120/80
What is normal heart rate?
60-100
The (?) System plays a role in immunity and drainage of excess fluid from tissues.
Lymphatic
The (1) and (2) of the (3) in our heart causes the lib/dub sound (heart beating sound) that the heart makes.
1) Opening
2) Closing
3) Valves
(1) impulses send messages up to your brain and spinal cord where they are interpreted, and a (2) impulse response is sent back down from the brain and spinal cord.
1) Sensory
2) Motor
The endocrine system is regulated by what 2 parts of the brain?
1) Hypothalamus
2) Pituitary Gland
(?) develops from dysfunction of the pancreas.
Diabetes
The heart beats because of (1). We can measure it with a (2) to detect problems of the heart.
1) Electrical Stimulation
2) Electrocardiogram (EKG)
(1) is done if the heart stops or if one stops breathing. (2) is done to help someone who is choking.
1) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
2) Heimlich Maneuver
During gestation, the baby’s (1) uses a different circulatory path to bypass the lungs until the baby is born and takes its first breath of air. They do not use their (2) to breath until after birth.
1) cardiovascular system
2) lungs
The (1) filters (2) fluid, cleansing it of antigens and pathogens. Some (3) live there to help with this process.
1) Lymph node
2) Lymphatic
3) White blood cells
