Exam 1 review Flashcards
What is something that cannot be fully explained by the behaviorist approach?
- Not a fully fledged explanation of behavior (you can learn without a reward.)
- Acquisition of language
- Creativity of language
WHERE pathway??
- Dorsal= “D” for direction
- objects in space
WHAT pathway??
- Ventral= “V” for Visual
- what objects are
Feature net model
- Layers of “detectors” that respond to specific features; each layer processes more complex information
Recognition by components theory
- suggests that humans recognize objects by breaking them down into their basic 3D geometric shapes, called “geons,”
Top-Down processing
- Using models, ideas, and expectations to interpret sensory information
- Is that something i’ve seen before?
Bottom up processing:
- taking sensory information and then assembling and integrating it
- What am I seeing?
Gestalt principles
- Proximity: close objects are perceived as a group
- Similarity: similar objects are perceived as a group
- Closure: we complete missing parts
- symmetry and order: symmetrical and orderly elements are perceived as a group
- Common fate: objects moving together are perceived as a group
- Figure ground: we perceive objects in the foreground or back
- Continuity: elements on a line or curve are related
Does the whole equal the sum of its parts?
No, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Visual cells
- The area of the visual world over which stimulation affects a specific cell’s response.
- Some are orientation sensitive
- some are sensitive to when/where lines end
(think of the cat with an electrode in his brain)
Attentional sets
- Improved processing for items you are attuned to, or ‘set to process
- What you are expecting or attending to can affect what ‘captures’ your attention
Visual Neglect/ Unilateral Neglect syndrome
- Ignores left side of visual world
- Won’t shave left side of face, won’t eat from the left side of the plate
- Damage to the parietal lobe (usually right side)
Balint’s syndrome (simultanagnosia)
- Completely object based deficit
- Bilateral parietal damage
- can only see one object at a time
What is the phonological loop?
the speech- and sound-related component of working memory and holds verbal and auditory information
What are the components of the phonological loop?
- phonological store
- articulatory control process
What model is the phonological loop a component of?
Baddeley’s working memory model.
what is the phonological similarity effect?
poor serial recall performance for lists composed of similar‐sounding words compared to lists of dissimilar‐sounding items.
Partial report experiment
a psychological study that examines how people recall information from a brief visual display. In this experiment, participants are shown an array of letters or numbers and then asked to recall a specific row of the display. The row to recall is indicated by a tone played after the display disappears.
Spatial cueing experiment
arrow points to the shit and sometimes it lies and sometimes it doesn’t and also sometimes theres no arrow
Frontal
in the front (haha)
- planning organizing, inhibition
Parietal
up but not the temporal lobe
- spatial knowledge, proprioception, sensory processing, language
Temporal
- Right by the ear
- Auditory perception, language, visual, and verbal memory
Occipital
the back of the head
- visual processing
What provides evidence for late selection?
all information is processed for its meaning and only selected information is processed past this
- cocktail party effect
Stimulus>sensory registration> semantic processing (attention)> response
What provides evidence for early selection
information is only processed to the physical characteristics as we use the physical characteristics to select what information is relevant to us and then filter out everything that is irrelevant
Stimulus>sensory registration (attention)> semantic processing> response
dichotic listening
Stroop effect
The word blue is colored red.
- can’t filter out color or meaning
- hard to do quickly
Inattentional blindness
- Gorilla experiment
- distracted driving
when information is taxed, information can fail to reach awareness.
Change blindness
- Door study
- change detection is not purely a memory process it also depends on what you attend to.
Word superiority effect
the phenomenon that people are better at recognizing letters in words than letters that are isolated or in nonwords.
i.e., P’s are clearer in
APPLE rather than BHTYPDN
Prosopagnosia
a condition where a person has difficulty or an inability to recognize faces
- I see my nose but i’ve got no idea what it is.
Visual object agnosia
a neurological disorder where a person has difficulty recognizing and identifying objects visually, despite having normal vision.
- damage to occipital/temporal lobes
Recognition
“recognition” refers to the ability to identify something as familiar when presented with it, like recognizing a friend’s face
- easier than recall
Recall
recall” means retrieving information from memory without any external cues, like trying to remember a specific fact without prompts.
Alan Baddeley’s working memory model
A. Central executiveb
B. phonological loop C. episodic buffer D. visuo spatial sketchpad
b1. articulatory loop
b2. acoustic store
Dichotic listening
a research technique used in psychology and neuroscience to study auditory attention and brain lateralization. It involves presenting different auditory stimuli simultaneously to the two ears.
Mnemonic devices
ways to remember information
ex) ROYGBIV
Primacy
you remember the first words you read in a list because you pay attention to them/ replay them in your head
Recency
You remember the last words in a list because they are most fresh in your memory
Event related potential (ERP)
- shifts in attention are measured
a noninvasive way to measure the brain’s electrical activity in response to a stimulus
