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Bio 121 > Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the term used to refer to a group of cells (of a single type) that work together to perform a specific function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

A community consists of a group of individuals of the same species that exists in a given area. True or False.

A

False

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3
Q

A researcher creates a model to predict how all of the different parts of a complex ecosystem work together. Such a model would be a good way to examine a “systems biology” ecological question. True or False.

A

True

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4
Q

Which of the following statements is not part of the Cell Theory?
a. All cells arise from other cells.
b. All living things are made of cells.
c. All cells contain DNA inside a nucleus.
d. New cells are produced by the division of existing cells.

A

c. All cells contain DNA inside a nucleus.

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5
Q

Genomics would be used to study of the genetic makeup of individuals, but proteomics would involve the study of what protein molecules an individual can create. True or False

A

True

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6
Q

Eukaryotic organisms were the first types of organisms on Earth. True or false

A

False

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7
Q

Which of the following would be found in a eukaryotic cell, but not in a prokaryotic cell?
a. cytoplasm
b. organelles
c. a cell wall
d. all of the above

A

b. organelles

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8
Q

Eukaryotic organisms were the first types of organisms on Earth. True or false

A

False

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9
Q

Both the energy and the nutrients/minerals in an ecosystem’s food chain are continuously recycled/”looped.” True or false

A

False

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10
Q

An organism able to make its own food (sugar molecules) from sun energy would be referred to as a producer. True or false.

A

True

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11
Q

When your body begins to become dehydrated, your kidneys will begin involuntarily conserving water (releasing less of it in the urine that you excrete) in order to try to keep your body hydrated. Which of the following would this example represent?
a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback
c. both

A

b. negative feedback

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12
Q

Very few of the species on Earth’s surface have not yet been named and described. True or false.

A

False

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13
Q

What is the correct order of taxonomic hierarchy, from smallest group to largest?
a. Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
b. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, species, genus
c. Genus, species, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
d. Species, genus, order, class, phylum, family, domain, kingdom

A

a. Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

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14
Q

Prokaryotes found in “extreme” environments (similar to those found on Earth early in its geologic history) would be placed in:

A

Domain Archaea

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15
Q

Evolution is a phenomenon that takes place (over many generations) due to the differential survival and reproduction of individuals within a population in a given environment, which would be referred to as natural selection. True or false.

A

True

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16
Q

The scientific method can be used to answer questions of ethics and belief. True or false.

A

False

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17
Q

In a medical trial in which the efficacy of a blood pressure medication is being tested, one group of test subjects received a placebo (sugar pill “blank”) and another group received the actual pharmaceutical drug. Which of the following would represent the dependent variable in this experiment?
a. the type of medication given
b. the group of individuals given the placebo
c. the average blood pressure found among members of each group
d. the group of individuals given the blood pressure medication
e. the age of the participants in the medical trial

A

c. the average blood pressure found among members of each group

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18
Q

Hypotheses and theories can be proven correct in science. True or false.

A

False

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19
Q

Oxygen gas (O2) would be classified as a:

A

a molecule

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20
Q

The four major elements that comprise the majority of the human body would be:

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

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21
Q

Which of the following is not found in the nucleus of an atom?
a. proton
b. neutron
c. electron

A

c. electron

22
Q

The atomic number of calcium is 20, and its atomic mass is approximately 40. How many electrons do calcium atoms naturally have (before they have formed any bonds)?

A

20

23
Q

Given the information about calcium listed previously, how many neutrons would calcium atoms typically have (before they have formed any bonds)?

A

20

24
Q

Isotopes of an element differ from other atoms of the same element in their

A

number of neutrons

25
Q

A nitrogen atom has two electron shells. The first has two electrons (completely filling it), and the second shell (its outer shell) has five. How many additional electrons will the nitrogen atom seek access to (in order for its outer (valence) electron shell to be most stable)?

A

three

26
Q

Which of the following is formed in a situation in which two atoms exhibit equal sharing of electrons?
a. ionic bond
b. polar covalent bond
c. nonpolar covalent bond
d. hydrogen bond

A

c. nonpolar covalent bond

27
Q

Substances in which ionic bonding is present will tend to be water-soluble. True or false.

A

True

28
Q

. When a sodium atom and a chlorine atom form an ionic bond, the sodium atom is left with a positive charge, making it a _____________ and the chlorine atom is left with a negative charge, making it a _____________.

A

cation; anion

29
Q

Which of the following types of bonds is the strongest in an aqueous environment?
a. ionic bonds
b. covalent bonds
c. hydrogen bonds
d. van der Waals interactions

A

b. covalent bonds

30
Q

In a chemical reaction in which glucose and fructose are combined to form sucrose and water, sucrose would be referred to as a reactant. True or false.

A

False

31
Q

The cohesive property of water is due to hydrogen bonding between neighboring water molecules, which is possible because of the polar covalent bonding that exists within water molecules. True or false.

A

True

32
Q

The relatively high boiling point (heat of vaporization) of water, as well as its capacity for significant surface tension, is due to entirely to van der Waals interactions between water molecules. True or false.

A

False

33
Q

When you mix chocolate powder into water to make a hot drink, the chocolate powder would be…

A

a solute

34
Q

Which of the following would be true of an alkaline substance?
a. It can “absorb” H+ ions in solution, lowering pH.
b. It can “absorb” H+ ions in solution, raising pH.
c. It can release H+ ions in solution, lowering pH.
d. It can release H+ ions in solution, raising pH.

A

b. It can “absorb” H+ ions in solution, raising pH.

35
Q

One of the reasons that the pH levels throughout most of our bodies can be kept close to 7 is the presence of buffers that are able to “resist” slight alterations in pH that would normally occur. True or false.

A

True

36
Q

A “polar” organic molecule could easily be formed by bonds between ___________________, and a “nonpolar” organic molecule could easily be formed by bonds between _______________________.

A

carbon and oxygen; carbon and hydrogen

37
Q

Which term would describe a set of molecules with identical molecular formulas, but different placement of a double bond between carbon atoms in their structures (i.e. a double bond found at one end of one molecule, but found in the very middle of the other molecule)?

A

a structural isomer

38
Q

Condensation/dehydration reactions cause a larger molecule (polymer) to be built from smaller subunits (monomers). True or false

A

True

39
Q

Providing energy is the only major function of which of the following macromolecules found in humans?

A

carbohydrates

40
Q

An example of a monosaccharide would be…

A

glucose

41
Q

A polysaccharide that is indigestible in humans would be…

A

cellulose

42
Q

Which of the following descriptions correctly explains why water and oil do not mix?
a. Water has polar covalent bonds and oil has nonpolar covalent bonds.
b. Water has nonpolar covalent bonds and oil has polar covalent bonds.
c. Both water and oil have polar covalent bonds.
d. Both water and oil have nonpolar covalent bonds.

A

a. Water has polar covalent bonds and oil has nonpolar covalent bonds.

43
Q

Why was the evolution of the phospholipid bilayer so important in the history of life on Earth?
a. It allowed cells to maintain homeostasis.
b. It allowed cells to monitor incoming and outgoing materials.
c. It provided cells with “waterproofing.”
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

44
Q

Which of the following would be most likely to be a lipid that is solid at room temperature?
a. a lipid with triglyceride molecules that contain all single bonds between the carbon atoms in their “tails”
b. a lipid with triglyceride molecules that contain multiple double bonds between the carbon atoms in their “tails”
c. Both of the above would be expected to be solid at room temperature.

A

a. a lipid with triglyceride molecules that contain all single bonds between the carbon atoms in their “tails”

45
Q

Which part of a phospholipid is held outward (toward water) in a cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)?

A

the hydrophillic head

46
Q

Both male and female sex hormones are steroids that are chemically related to cholesterol. True or false.

A

True

47
Q

What is the name of the specific type of covalent bond that is used to fuse the subunits of a protein together?

A

peptide bond

48
Q

Which of the following is the only component that will vary between individual amino acids?
a. the amino group
b. the carboxylic acid (carboxyl) group
c. the hydrogen atom
d. the functional side chain (R-group)

A

d. the functional side chain (R-group)

49
Q

You are reading through the sequence of amino acids that make up the sequence of a protein strand, and taking note of the exact order in which they are “lined up.” Which of the following levels of protein structure would you be looking at?
a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
c. tertiary structure
d. quaternary structure

A

a. primary structure

50
Q

You are a scientist examining a single-strand protein with substructures that include alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets held together by hydrogen bonds. Which of the following levels of protein structure would this example represent?
a. primary structure
b. secondary structure
c. tertiary structure
d. quaternary structure

A

b. secondary structure

51
Q

What is the name for the subunits (monomers) found in DNA and RNA?

A

nucleotides

52
Q
A

Bio 121 (6 decks)

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