Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal Psychology > exam 1 reading notes > Flashcards

exam 1 reading notes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is a phobia

A

psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is psychological dysfunction

A

a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the three components of a psychological disorder

A

psychological dysfunction
distress or impairment
atypical response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the DSM definition of a psychological disorder

A

behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is psychopathology

A

the scientific study of psychological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the presenting problem refer to

A

the problem that caused the person to come to the clinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does a clinical description refer to

A

the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the prevalence of a disorder refer to

A

how many people in a population have the disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the incidence of a disorder refer to

A

statistics on how many new cases occur during a given period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is etiology

A

the study of origins
why a disorder begins / what causes it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what was hippocrates contribution to psychological disorders

A

believed that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what did hippocrates assume normal functioning was related to

A

the four bodily fluids or humors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is moral therapy

A

treating institutionalized patients s normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is psychoanalysis and whos theory was it based on

A

theory of the structure of the mind and the role of unconscious processes in determining behavior
based on sigmund freud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is behaviorism

A

focuses on how learning and adaptation affect the development of psychopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does catharsis refer to

A

the release of emotional material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the psychoanalytic model

A

comprehensive theory constructed on the development and structure of our personalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the three main facets of the psychoanalytic theory

A
  1. the structure of the mind and the distinct functions of personality that sometimes clash with one another
  2. the defense mechanisms with which the mind defends itself from these clashes or conflicts
  3. the stages of early psychosexual development that provide the drive of our inner conflicts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the three parts of the mind according to freud

A

id
ego
superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the id

A

the source of our strong sexual and aggressive feelings or energies
- operates according to the pleasure principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the ego

A

the part of our mind that acts realistically and operates according to the reality principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the superego

A

our conscience
represents the moral principles instilled in us by our parents and culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the ego mediate

A

conflict between the id and the superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the defense mechanism of displacement

A

displacing an emotion onto an object that is not the object causing the emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the defense mechanism of sublimation

A

directs potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the defense mechanism of denial

A

refusal to acknowledge some aspect of objective reality or subjective experience that is apparent to others

27
Q

what is the defense mechanism of projection

A

falsely attributes own unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts to another individual or object

28
Q

what is the defense mechanism rationalization

A

conceals the true motivations for actions, thoughts, or feelings through elaborate reassuring or self serving but incorrect explanations

29
Q

what is the defense mechanism reaction formation

A

substitutes behavior thoughts or feelings that are the direct opposite of the unacceptable ones

30
Q

what is the defense mechanism repression

A

blocks disturbing wishes thoughts or experiences from conscious awareness

31
Q

what are the stages of freuds psychosexual stages of development

A

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

32
Q

what is object relations

A

the study of how children incorporate the images, the memories, and sometimes the values of a person who was important to them and to whom they were emotionally attached

33
Q

what is the collective unconscious

A

wisdom accumulated by society and culture that is stored deep in individual memories and passed down from generation to generation

34
Q

what does polygenic mean

A

something is influenced by many genes, each contributing a small effect
- all can be influenced by the environment

35
Q

what is the difference between quantitative genetics and molecular genetics

A

quantitative genetics: sums up the small effects across many genes without telling us which genes are responsible for which effects

molecular genetics: examining the actual structure of genes with advanced technologies

35
Q

what is the diathesis-stress model

A

individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors which may then be activated under conditions of stress

36
Q

what is the relationship between genetic vulnerability and stress

A

the more genetic vulnerability you have the less stress is needed to trigger an associated disorder

37
Q

what is the gene-environment correlation model

A

model that says that some people have a genetically determined tendency to create the specific environmental risk factors that trigger genetic vulnerability to a phobia

38
Q

what does the hindbrain contain

A

medulla
pons
cerebellum

39
Q

what is the function of the hindbrain

A

regulate autonomic activities (breathing, heartbeat, digestion)

40
Q

what does the cerebellum control

A

motor coordination

41
Q

what is the function of the midbrain

A

coordinates movement with sensory input and contains part of the reticular activation system which contributes to arousal and tension (awake or asleep)

42
Q

what is the overarching function of the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

regulating behavior and emotion

43
Q

what is contained in the limbic system

A

hippocampus
cingulate gyrus
septum
amygdala

44
Q

what do the basal ganglia control

A

motor activity

45
Q

which hemisphere of the brain is responsible for verbal and cognitive processes

A

left

46
Q

what is the right hemisphere responsible for

A

perceiving the world and creating images

47
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe

A

recognizing sight and sounds associated with long term memory storage

48
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe

A

recognizing various sensations of touch and monitoring body positions

49
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe

A

integrating and making sense of various visual inputs

50
Q

what do agonists do

A

increase the activity of a NT by mimicking its effects

51
Q

what do antagonists do

A

decrease or block a NT

52
Q

what do inverse agonists do

A

produce effects that are opposite the ones produced by NT

53
Q

what NT are monoamines

A

NE
serotonin
dopamine

54
Q

what NT are amino acids

A

GABA
glutamate

55
Q

what does the serotonin system regulate

A

behavior, mood, thought processes

56
Q

what kind of receptors does norepinephrine stimulate

A

alpha adrenergic
beta adrenergic

57
Q

what is dopamine implicated in

A

pathophysiology of schizophrenia and disorders of addiction

58
Q

what is L-dopa

A

dopamine agonist

59
Q

who is credited with first studying observational learning/modeling

A

bandura

60
Q

what are the three components of emotion

A

behavior
physiology
cognition

61
Q

what are semistructured interviews

A

interviews that are made up of questions that have been carefully phrased and tested to elicit useful information in a consistent manner

62
Q

what do neurophyschological tests measure

A

brain dysfunction by observing the effects of the dysfunction on the persons ability to perform certain tasks

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions