exam 1 questions Flashcards
according to evolutionary theory, which organisms tend to reproduce the most
those with traits best suited to their current environment
natural selection can best be described as
the process that results in adaptations
T/F natural selection can act on genes directly to change the genotypes
FALSE natural selection cannot act of genes directly; instead it acts upon the phenotypes they produce
what role do mutations play in evolution
mutations produce variation that is then acted upon by natural selection
T/F natural selection can build similar adaptations out of different mutations
TRUE
how could complex adaptations like the vertebrate eye evolve
a series of small mutations, each of which benefited reproduction when they first appeared
Which of the following is a way that chromosomes inherited from the mother and father might differ, but nevertheless allow for the formation of healthy and fertile offspring?
if the maternal and paternal chromosomes carry different alleles at the certain loci
The offspring of parents who are homozygous for different versions (alleles) of a trait (parental genotypes AA and aa) with clear dominance and recessiveness:
they will all have the dominant phenotype
the process of protein synthesis interprets DNA sequences to create
a phenotype
T/F amino acid sequences fold into protein sequences
TRUE
what is a predictive statement about an observation that can be tested scientifically called
hypothesis
what is a facultative adaptation
evolved responses to normal environmental variation
species are usually defined by
reproductive isolation
would a mutations that causes some monkeys to be unable to mate with other monkeys in the same forest cause allopatric speciation
NO
T/F sexual reproduction is advantageous because it allows for crossing over (recombination) which increases genetic variability of offspring
TRUE this is a benefit to sexual reproduction
A horse and a donkey can successfully mate to produce an offspring known as a mule. Mules are sterile, display a mixture of donkey and horse traits, and have a different number of chromosomes from both parent species. Would mules be classified as their own species?
no because the mules are unable to reproduce successfully so they wouldnt be classified as a new species
T/F Whale (mammalian) fins and shark (non-mammalian) fins are similar due to convergent evolution
TRUE (they are not facultative adaptations)
T/F bird and bat wings are homologous
TRUE
T/F chimps and bonobo speciation is a result of parapatric speciation
FALSE it is not
T/F increase gene flow between populations is a consequence of genetic drift
FALSE because there is reduced genetic variation within small populations that is the consequence of genetic drift
T/F the modern synthesis framework involves the integration of genetics with darwinian natural selection
TRUE
the central dogma of genetics describes the process of DNA being ____ into mRNA in the ____ which is then _____ into amino acids in the _____
transcribed, nucleus, translated, ribosome
you got this bud
thanks bestie boo
a description that the peas were small, yellow, and smooth is an example of what
phenotype
what species is most closely related to the gibbon
siamang
If we discovered a new species of great apes that was also covered with hair as are gorillas, this trait would be considered to be what?
primitive
what do scientific hypothesis have to be
falsifiable and testable
T/F Neanderthals went extinct 30,000 years ago, likely due to contact with Homo sapiens. This suggests that they were less evovled than humans becuase they were not able to survive contact, while humans flourished.
FALSE
