exam 1 questions

Question 1

according to evolutionary theory, which organisms tend to reproduce the most

Answer 1

those with traits best suited to their current environment

Question 2

natural selection can best be described as

Answer 2

the process that results in adaptations

Question 3

T/F natural selection can act on genes directly to change the genotypes

Answer 3

FALSE natural selection cannot act of genes directly; instead it acts upon the phenotypes they produce

Question 4

what role do mutations play in evolution

Answer 4

mutations produce variation that is then acted upon by natural selection

Question 5

T/F natural selection can build similar adaptations out of different mutations

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

how could complex adaptations like the vertebrate eye evolve

Answer 6

a series of small mutations, each of which benefited reproduction when they first appeared

Question 7

Which of the following is a way that chromosomes inherited from the mother and father might differ, but nevertheless allow for the formation of healthy and fertile offspring?

Answer 7

if the maternal and paternal chromosomes carry different alleles at the certain loci

Question 8

The offspring of parents who are homozygous for different versions (alleles) of a trait (parental genotypes AA and aa) with clear dominance and recessiveness:

Answer 8

they will all have the dominant phenotype

Question 9

the process of protein synthesis interprets DNA sequences to create

Answer 9

a phenotype

Question 10

T/F amino acid sequences fold into protein sequences

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

what is a predictive statement about an observation that can be tested scientifically called

Answer 11

hypothesis

Question 12

what is a facultative adaptation

Answer 12

evolved responses to normal environmental variation

Question 13

species are usually defined by

Answer 13

reproductive isolation

Question 14

would a mutations that causes some monkeys to be unable to mate with other monkeys in the same forest cause allopatric speciation

Answer 14

NO

Question 15

T/F sexual reproduction is advantageous because it allows for crossing over (recombination) which increases genetic variability of offspring

Answer 15

TRUE this is a benefit to sexual reproduction

Question 16

A horse and a donkey can successfully mate to produce an offspring known as a mule. Mules are sterile, display a mixture of donkey and horse traits, and have a different number of chromosomes from both parent species. Would mules be classified as their own species?

Answer 16

no because the mules are unable to reproduce successfully so they wouldnt be classified as a new species

Question 17

T/F Whale (mammalian) fins and shark (non-mammalian) fins are similar due to convergent evolution

Answer 17

TRUE (they are not facultative adaptations)

Question 18

T/F bird and bat wings are homologous

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

T/F chimps and bonobo speciation is a result of parapatric speciation

Answer 19

FALSE it is not

Question 20

T/F increase gene flow between populations is a consequence of genetic drift

Answer 20

FALSE because there is reduced genetic variation within small populations that is the consequence of genetic drift

Question 21

T/F the modern synthesis framework involves the integration of genetics with darwinian natural selection

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

the central dogma of genetics describes the process of DNA being ____ into mRNA in the ____ which is then _____ into amino acids in the _____

Answer 22

transcribed, nucleus, translated, ribosome

Question 24

a description that the peas were small, yellow, and smooth is an example of what

Answer 24

phenotype

Question 25

what species is most closely related to the gibbon

Answer 25

siamang

Question 26

If we discovered a new species of great apes that was also covered with hair as are gorillas, this trait would be considered to be what?

Answer 26

primitive

Question 27

what do scientific hypothesis have to be

Answer 27

falsifiable and testable

Question 28

T/F Neanderthals went extinct 30,000 years ago, likely due to contact with Homo sapiens. This suggests that they were less evovled than humans becuase they were not able to survive contact, while humans flourished.

Answer 28

FALSE