Exam 1 Pt. 1

Question 1

What percentage of strokes are ischemic?

Answer 1

~80%

Question 2

What percentage of strokes are hemorrhagic?

Answer 2

~20%

Question 3

What is the most common type of stroke?

Answer 3

Middle cerebral artery syndrome

Question 4

What are the 3 leading risk factors for stroke in younger adults?

Answer 4

Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes

Question 5

What type of stroke is most likely to cause death?

Answer 5

Hemorrhagic

Question 6

What questions does the examination process answer?

Answer 6

How big was the stroke?
What residual capacity does the patient have for rehab?
Is there need for assistive devices?

Question 7

What are the major body structure/function impairments for stroke?

Answer 7

Spasticity and weakness

Question 8

What are the major PT activity limitations for stroke?

Answer 8

ADLs
Balance
Gait
Upper extremity

Question 9

Occlusion commonly occurs in…

Answer 9

areas of turbulent blood flow

Question 10

What does turbulent flow do?

Answer 10

It damages the intimal lining of vessels

Question 11

When vessels are damaged, what does the repair process entail?

Answer 11

It initiates platelet deposition and thrombus formation

Question 12

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies blood to…

Answer 12

The lateral surface of the hemispheres and internal capsule

Question 13

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supplies blood to…

Answer 13

The antero-superior aspects of the medial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 14

The internal carotid artery supplies blood to…

Answer 14

The MCA and ACA

Question 15

The posterior cerebral artery supplies blood to…

Answer 15

The midbrain, occipital lobe, and medial and inferior temporal lobe

Question 16

The vertebrobasilar artery supplies blood to…

Answer 16

Cerebellum, medulla, pons and internal ear

Question 17

The lacunar arteries supply blood to…

Answer 17

The small deep arteries in basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and internal capsule

Question 18

What is affected in MCA syndrome?

Answer 18

Arm and face is affected greater than the leg

Question 19

What are the clinical signs of MCA syndrome?

Answer 19

Spastic hemiparesis of the contralateral side and contralateral hemisensory loss
Interruption of language function (dominant hemisphere, usually left)
Neglect, apraxia (non-dominant hemisphere, usually right)
Homonymous hemianopsia

Question 20

What is affected in ACA syndrome?

Answer 20

The leg is affected greater than the arm

Question 21

What re the clinical signs of ACA syndrome?

Answer 21

Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss
Personality changes/mental changes
Loss of bowel and bladder control

Question 22

What are the clinical signs of ICA syndrome?

Answer 22

Combination of symptoms of MCA and ACA

Question 23

ICA syndrome is usually caused by…

Answer 23

A massive infarction with significant possible edema, herniation, coma, and death

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of PCA syndrome?

Answer 24

Contralateral hemisensory loss and hemiparesis
Paralysis of eye movements
Visual agnosia, cortical blindness if bilateral
Prosopagnosia
Memory loss
Thalamic pain syndrome

Question 25

What is thalamic pain syndrome?

Answer 25

Pain and temperature sensory loss and central severe pain