Exam 1 Pt. 1 Flashcards
What percentage of strokes are ischemic?
~80%
What percentage of strokes are hemorrhagic?
~20%
What is the most common type of stroke?
Middle cerebral artery syndrome
What are the 3 leading risk factors for stroke in younger adults?
Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes
What type of stroke is most likely to cause death?
Hemorrhagic
What questions does the examination process answer?
How big was the stroke?
What residual capacity does the patient have for rehab?
Is there need for assistive devices?
What are the major body structure/function impairments for stroke?
Spasticity and weakness
What are the major PT activity limitations for stroke?
ADLs
Balance
Gait
Upper extremity
Occlusion commonly occurs in…
areas of turbulent blood flow
What does turbulent flow do?
It damages the intimal lining of vessels
When vessels are damaged, what does the repair process entail?
It initiates platelet deposition and thrombus formation
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies blood to…
The lateral surface of the hemispheres and internal capsule
The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supplies blood to…
The antero-superior aspects of the medial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres
The internal carotid artery supplies blood to…
The MCA and ACA
The posterior cerebral artery supplies blood to…
The midbrain, occipital lobe, and medial and inferior temporal lobe
The vertebrobasilar artery supplies blood to…
Cerebellum, medulla, pons and internal ear
The lacunar arteries supply blood to…
The small deep arteries in basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and internal capsule
What is affected in MCA syndrome?
Arm and face is affected greater than the leg
What are the clinical signs of MCA syndrome?
Spastic hemiparesis of the contralateral side and contralateral hemisensory loss
Interruption of language function (dominant hemisphere, usually left)
Neglect, apraxia (non-dominant hemisphere, usually right)
Homonymous hemianopsia
What is affected in ACA syndrome?
The leg is affected greater than the arm
What re the clinical signs of ACA syndrome?
Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss
Personality changes/mental changes
Loss of bowel and bladder control
What are the clinical signs of ICA syndrome?
Combination of symptoms of MCA and ACA
ICA syndrome is usually caused by…
A massive infarction with significant possible edema, herniation, coma, and death
What are the clinical signs of PCA syndrome?
Contralateral hemisensory loss and hemiparesis
Paralysis of eye movements
Visual agnosia, cortical blindness if bilateral
Prosopagnosia
Memory loss
Thalamic pain syndrome
What is thalamic pain syndrome?
Pain and temperature sensory loss and central severe pain
