Exam 1 Practice Questions Flashcards
Most comm bacterial pathogen for community acquired pneumonia?
S. Pneumoniae
What do you not use to treat bronchitis?
ABX
What criteria is needed for a CXR?
RR > 20
What infection requires ABX?
Sinusitis
What do you use for COPD exacerbation?
Systemic corticoid burst
ICS education
Rinse mouth after use
How do you use a SABA for asthma exacerbation?
x2 q20 min, q3-4 hrs PRN
What do ALL pts with any level severity of COPD use?
Bronchodilators
Criteria for prescribing antibiotics for exacerbation?
Increased purulent sputum
When do you use LABA?
LABA + ICS is Step 4 or >
Found in both supply & demand
HR & BP
ACE role in angina
Increase blood supply
MOA Aspirin
Block prostaglandin synthesis
Who does not take aspirin?
Hepatic dysfunction
How many days will it take to see improvement in PNA on ABX?
48-72 hours
What is a side effect of benadryl?
Drowsiness which can cause falls
What does atrovent do?
Inhibits nasal secretions
What is mechanism of cough?
Bradykinins
What are the side effects of psuedoephedrine and oxymetazoline hydrochloride?
Increased HR & BP, dizziness, palpitations, headache, GI, insomnia, tremor
Contraindications of pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline hydrochloride
Hypersensitivity Narrow angle glaucoma) Sev. uncontrolled HTN CAD MAO inhibitor within 14days <4yrs
When do you treat sinusitis?
> 10 days
3 or more of the following:
- Nasal Congestion
- Nasal Discharge
- Facial pain or HA
- Anosmia (loss of smell)- Adults
- Cough - peds
What is the goal of tx for sinusitis
Drain sinuses
Pedatric dose of intranasal cromolyn
2+ years, 1 spray in each nostril, 3-6x/day, then q8-12hr
Goals of asthma tx
reduce impairment and reduce risk, pt/family should be satisfied w/tx
Steroid contraindications
Bone density issues
COPD Cardinal Signs
Increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume, increased sputum purulence
Side effects of oral steroids
Edema, increased bp, exacerbation of chf, hyperglycemia, incresed appetite and weigth gain, CNS stimulation, peptic ulcer, leukocytosis
bronchitis organism
h flu
Tx of bronchitis
Amoxil, augmentin, macrolide for myco
When do you use quinolones?
Last resort
Why use nasal antihistamines at night?
Reduce side effects
What is ICS first line for?
COPD, asthma, allergic rhinitis
What med is on beers list?
1st gen antihistamine
What is the MOA of delsym (dextromorphan)
diminish cough reflex by direct inhibition of of cough center in medula
When can singulair be used in peds?
1+ year
Tx for moderate persistent asthma in adults?
Low-dose ICS + laba
Med-dose ICS + laba
LABA + ICS
Synergistic effects
Xolair MOA
binding to IgM
Signs of theophylline toxicity
seizures, arythmias, tachy
Duration of nasal decongestant
3 days
Afib + hf
digitalis level
Nondihydropyridines SE
Constipation, fatigue, dizziness, headache, flushing, gingival hyperplasia
Writing Rx
Medication, dose, frequency, dispense number, refill, directions
CURB-65
Confusion Uremia Respiratory Rate Low BP Over 65 years
